分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes)
鰈形目 (Flatfishes) >
Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
牙鮃科 (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ayres.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 183 m (Ref. 2850), usually 0 - 60 m (Ref. 122321). 亞熱帶的; 48°N - 24°N
Eastern Pacific: Quillayute River in northern Washington, USA to southern Baja California, Mexico. Also in northern Gulf of California (Ref. 9330).
東太平洋: 到墨西哥的下加利福尼亞南部的在北方的美國在華盛頓州中的 Quillayute 河。 也在加州灣北部.(參考文獻 9330)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 47.3, range 47 - 51.3 cm
Max length : 152 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2850); 最大體重: 33.0 kg (Ref. 9330); 最大年齡: 30 年 (Ref. 33520)
Adults are found mostly on sandy bottoms near shore to 183 m depth. Juveniles are common beyond surf line, larvae settling in bays and estuaries (Ref. 122321). Adults feed during the day (Ref. 9643) on fishes and squids, often well off the bottom. An important sport and commercial fish. They are caught with trammel nets (Ref. 9330). Marketed as fresh fillet (Ref. 9330). Adults migrate to shallower waters to spawn (Ref. 9643). Has very sharp teeth and is known to bite if handled (Ref. 13513).
大部份靠砂質底部生活。 普遍的超過碎浪區, 也在海灣與河口中。 生存於近岸到 183 公尺深。 在魚與烏賊上為食在白天期間 (參考文獻 9643), 時常離底部一段距離。 一項重要的運動與商業的魚。 也用三層刺網捕獲。 (參考文獻 9330) 在市場上新鮮銷售魚排.(參考文獻 9330) 成魚迴游到較水淺的水域產卵.(參考文獻 9643) 有非常銳利的齒而且被知道咬如果觸摸.(參考文獻 13513)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). They are batch spawners that exhibit indeterminate fecundiity and undergo asynchronous ovarian development (Ref. 122336). Spawning interval is between 7 and 14 days while spawning frequency is around 12 to 13 times per year.東太平洋: 到墨西哥的下加利福尼亞南部的在北方的美國在華盛頓州中的 Quillayute 河。 也在加州灣北部.(參考文獻 9330)
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 25 May 2007
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.4 - 23.9, mean 19.8 °C (based on 48 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00364 - 0.01145), b=3.15 (3.00 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.63 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.08; tmax=30; tm=2.6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (61 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 38.8 [16.9, 81.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.81 [0.38, 1.56] mg/100g; Protein = 17.1 [14.7, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.207 [0.112, 0.387] g/100g; Selenium = 40.7 [19.2, 95.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.82 [1.41, 25.97] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.371 [0.244, 0.589] mg/100g (wet weight);
