Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 20 - 350 m (Ref. 26999), usually 40 - 200 m (Ref. 36731). Subtropical; 58°N - 29°S, 19°W - 22°E
Eastern Atlantic: Scotland to Namibia (Ref. 27121), including the western Mediterranean.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 2683); common length : 12.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3397)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 95 - 106; أشعه شرجية لينه: 74 - 82. Eyes separated by a bony ridge, the lower eye a little in advance of the upper. In males, the second to sixth and in females, the second to fifth dorsal fin rays thickened and prolonged. Males with distinct black spot on posterior part of pelvic fins; in females, this spot present but greyish and often indistinct.
Found on sand, mud, shell and corals (Ref. 27121). Caught with bottom and pelagic trawls (Ref. 2683).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Aldebert, Y., M. Desoutter and J.-C. Quéro, 1990. Bothidae. p. 1027-1036. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 5979)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 9.8 - 19.2, mean 11.7 °C (based on 340 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00401 - 0.00906), b=3.10 (2.98 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 95.5 [46.4, 217.0] mg/100g; Iron = 1.01 [0.47, 1.79] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.0, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.327 [0.143, 0.642] g/100g; Selenium = 28.9 [15.2, 60.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20 [6, 62] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.785 [0.542, 1.118] mg/100g (wet weight);
