Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Brachydeuterus: Greek, brachys, eia = short + Greek, deuter = two (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 深度上下限 10 - 100 m (Ref. 57395), usually 15 - 80 m (Ref. 26999). 熱帶; 35°N - 16°S, 19°W - 14°E (Ref. 54289)
Eastern Atlantic: west coast of Africa, from Mauritania to Angola (Ref. 57395). Also reported from Morocco (Ref. 2135).
東大西洋: 摩洛哥到安哥拉。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 14.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 57395); common length : 23.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3660); 最大年龄: 7 年 (Ref. 1113)
背棘 (总数) : 10 - 13; 背的软条 (总数) : 11 - 14; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 9 - 10. Diagnosis: body oblong and compressed; dorsal profile slightly and regularly convex; snout shorter than eye diameter (Ref. 57395). Mouth large, oblique (Ref. 5377, 57395) and protrusible (Ref. 57395). Lower jaw slightly prominent; 2 anterior pores on chin, followed by a median pit bearing openings of two large pores (Ref. 57395). Eyes large (Ref. 5377). Dorsal fin deeply notched; caudal fin deeply forked; scales ctenoid on body and head (Ref. 57395).
Coloration: back olivaceous, sides silvery to white; dark spot at angle of opercle; sometimes several small, dark spots on dorsal-fin base (Ref. 57395). Fins grey (Ref. 5377).
嘴大的且斜, 眼大的; 银色的灰色颜色, 鳍灰色的.(参考文献 5377)
Inhabits coastal waters (Ref. 2683). Semipelagic, remains near the bottom during the day and moves up to the open water at night (Ref. 5377, 57395). Occasionally enters lagoons and estuaries at start of sexual maturation (Ref. 57395). Occurs over sandy and muddy bottoms. Feeds on invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 5535).
栖息于沿岸水域。 (参考文献 2683) 在底部的附近保持在白天期间而且向上移动到开放水域在晚上。 (参考文献 5377) 生活在沙泥底之上。 吃无脊椎动物与小鱼。 (参考文献 5535)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).東大西洋: 摩洛哥到安哥拉。
Roux, C., 1990. Haemulidae. p. 783-788. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6946)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性
工具
特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.3 - 27.9, mean 21.5 °C (based on 210 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00791 - 0.02004), b=3.04 (2.91 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.29-0.4; tmax=7;).
Prior r = 0.54, 95% CL = 0.36 - 0.81, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 110 [23, 221] mg/100g; Iron = 0.883 [0.455, 1.714] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [16.0, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.244 [0.109, 0.450] g/100g; Selenium = 56 [30, 105] μg/100g; VitaminA = 33.3 [14.9, 71.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.75 [1.20, 2.52] mg/100g (wet weight);
