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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Brachydeuterus: Greek, brachys, eia = short + Greek, deuter = two (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة قاعية التغذية و المعيشة; نطاق العمق 10 - 100 m (Ref. 57395), usually 15 - 80 m (Ref. 26999). Tropical; 35°N - 16°S, 19°W - 14°E (Ref. 54289)
Eastern Atlantic: west coast of Africa, from Mauritania to Angola (Ref. 57395). Also reported from Morocco (Ref. 2135).
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 14.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 57395); common length : 23.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3660); العمر: 7 سنين (Ref. 1113)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 10 - 13; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 11 - 14; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 9 - 10. Diagnosis: body oblong and compressed; dorsal profile slightly and regularly convex; snout shorter than eye diameter (Ref. 57395). Mouth large, oblique (Ref. 5377, 57395) and protrusible (Ref. 57395). Lower jaw slightly prominent; 2 anterior pores on chin, followed by a median pit bearing openings of two large pores (Ref. 57395). Eyes large (Ref. 5377). Dorsal fin deeply notched; caudal fin deeply forked; scales ctenoid on body and head (Ref. 57395).
Coloration: back olivaceous, sides silvery to white; dark spot at angle of opercle; sometimes several small, dark spots on dorsal-fin base (Ref. 57395). Fins grey (Ref. 5377).
Inhabits coastal waters (Ref. 2683). Semipelagic, remains near the bottom during the day and moves up to the open water at night (Ref. 5377, 57395). Occasionally enters lagoons and estuaries at start of sexual maturation (Ref. 57395). Occurs over sandy and muddy bottoms. Feeds on invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 5535).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Roux, C., 1990. Haemulidae. p. 783-788. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6946)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: ذو قيمة تاجرية عالية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.3 - 27.9, mean 21.5 °C (based on 210 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.00817 - 0.02032), b=3.04 (2.91 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.29-0.4; tmax=7;).
Prior r = 0.54, 95% CL = 0.36 - 0.81, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 110 [23, 221] mg/100g; Iron = 0.883 [0.455, 1.714] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [16.0, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.244 [0.109, 0.450] g/100g; Selenium = 56 [30, 105] μg/100g; VitaminA = 33.3 [14.9, 71.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.75 [1.20, 2.52] mg/100g (wet weight);
