分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts)
仿石鱸科 (Grunts) > Plectorhinchinae
Etymology: Plectorhinchus: Greek, plektos = plaited + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Guichenot.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 10 - 180 m (Ref. 27000). 亞熱帶的; 45°N - 22°S, 25°W - 20°E
Eastern Atlantic: Spain and Portugal to Henties Bay, Namibia (Ref. 11228). Also from the western Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 231) and the Canary Islands (Ref. 5535). Records in eastern Mediterranean are questionable (Ref. 57855, Ref. 113897).
東大西洋: 西班牙與葡萄牙到 Henties 海灣，那米比亞.(參考文獻 11228) 也從地中海西部海洋 (參考文獻 231) 與加納利群島.(參考文獻 5535)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5535); common length : 60.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5535); 最大體重: 7.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數) : 10 - 13; 背的軟條 (總數) : 17 - 20. Grey violet color, abdomen light (Ref. 5377).
灰色的紫羅蘭色的顏色, 腹部光.(參考文獻 5377)
Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms. Feeds on zoobenthos and zooplankton (Ref. 5535). Minimum depth reported from Ref. 5535.
棲息於沙泥底。 吃底棲動物與浮游動物。 (參考文獻 5535) 最小深度記錄自了參考文獻 5535.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).東大西洋: 西班牙與葡萄牙到 Henties 海灣，那米比亞.(參考文獻 11228) 也從地中海西部海洋 (參考文獻 231) 與加納利群島.(參考文獻 5535)
Ben-Tuvia, A. and R. McKay, 1986. Haemulidae. p. 858-864. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 2. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 5535)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.1 - 24.4, mean 19 °C (based on 81 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00855 - 0.02033), b=3.04 (2.91 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.52 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.18;).
Prior r = 0.53, 95% CL = 0.35 - 0.80, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (45 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 50.5 [12.0, 100.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.928 [0.485, 1.769] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.4, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.182, 0.545] g/100g; Selenium = 35.6 [19.5, 66.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.02 [3.64, 21.40] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.636 [0.453, 0.909] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
