Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 26 - 183 m (Ref. 2850), usually ? - 30 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical; 37°N - 27°N, 123°W - 112°W
Eastern Pacific: Santa Cruz in central California, USA to Punta Abreojos, Baja California; including northern Gulf of California and Guadalupe Island in Mexico.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 43.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 4690); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 21 Tahun (Ref. 56049)
Usually occurs in rocky areas of bays and along shore, especially in caves and crevices (Ref. 2850). Prefers depths less than 26 m (Ref. 121641). An excellent food fish (Ref. 2850). Venomous spines in the dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins (Ref 13513). Minimum depth range based on occurrence (Ref. 121641).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.9 - 22.4, mean 20.8 °C (based on 10 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01950 (0.01150 - 0.03306), b=3.07 (2.93 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 8.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.12-0.3; tmax = 21; tm = 2).
Prior r = 0.24, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.35, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 72 [37, 169] mg/100g; Iron = 1.01 [0.54, 2.09] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.1, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.538 [0.254, 1.425] g/100g; Selenium = 31.1 [15.6, 80.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.5 [5.8, 48.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.769 [0.543, 1.121] mg/100g (wet weight);