Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin récifal; profondeur 1 - 216 m (Ref. 5951). Tropical; 37°N - 33°S
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to North Carolina, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil; absent from Bermuda, Bahamas and many other island areas.
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 13.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 7251)
Occurs from the shore (small individuals) to 90 m depth. Inhabits muddy bottoms (Ref. 26340). Anterolateral glandular groove with venom gland (Ref. 57406).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larves
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Utilisations par l'homme
Outils
Articles particuliers
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Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.6 - 27.4, mean 24.2 °C (based on 286 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00626 - 0.02776), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Haut, temps minimum de doublement de population inférieur à 15 mois (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 82.2 [40.8, 199.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.694 [0.372, 1.780] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.7, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.282 [0.121, 0.799] g/100g; Selenium = 33.8 [16.6, 82.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 165 [55, 474] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.47 [0.99, 2.14] mg/100g (wet weight);
