Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي وابسته به آب سنگ; تغييرات عمق 1 - 216 m (Ref. 5951). Tropical; 37°N - 33°S
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to North Carolina, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil; absent from Bermuda, Bahamas and many other island areas.
Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 13.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 7251)
Occurs from the shore (small individuals) to 90 m depth. Inhabits muddy bottoms (Ref. 26340). Anterolateral glandular groove with venom gland (Ref. 57406).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | تولید مثل | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | توزاد ( لارو)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
استفاده انسانی
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.6 - 27.4, mean 24.2 °C (based on 286 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00626 - 0.02776), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 82.2 [40.8, 199.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.694 [0.372, 1.780] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.7, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.282 [0.121, 0.799] g/100g; Selenium = 33.8 [16.6, 82.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 165 [55, 474] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.47 [0.99, 2.14] mg/100g (wet weight);
