分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes)
鯰形目 (Catfishes) >
Clariidae (Airbreathing catfishes)
塘蝨魚科 (Airbreathing catfishes)
Etymology: Clarias: Greek, chlaros = lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water.
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - ? m (Ref. 248). 熱帶; 32°N - 5°N
Africa: lower and middle Nile; Chad system including the Logone and the Shari rivers; Niger and Benoue river systems; coastal rivers of Benin, Togo, Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire; Gambia and lower Senegal rivers; Volta system; relict populations occur in Mauritania and southern Algeria (Ref. 248). Also in the lower Cross in Nigeria (Ref. 81644). Trade restricted in FRG.
非洲: 尼羅河下游與中游; 查德系統包括 Logone 與 Shari 河; 尼日與 Benoue 河流域; 貝南共和國，多哥，迦納與象牙海岸的沿海的河川; 甘比亞與塞內加爾河下游; 佛塔河系統; 殘餘倖存者族群出現在茅利塔尼亞與阿爾及利亞南部。 貿易在 FRG 限制。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3799); 最大體重: 7.0 kg (Ref. 3799)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 60 - 82; 臀鰭軟條: 42 - 61. Diagnosis: 16-50 gill rakers on first gill arch (much more reduced compared to Clarias gariepinus)(Ref. 57129, 81644), subject to geographical variations (Ref. 57129). Head oval-shaped to rectangular in dorsal outline; snout broadly rounded; eyes rather lateral in position and, together with relatively broad head, make for a relatively large interorbital distance; number of gill rakers on first branchial arch subject to much variation, 16-40, rarely exceeding 40; dorsal fin base situated close to occipital process; dorsal fin always terminates before caudal fin base, distance between both small; anal fin originates closer to caudal fin base than to tip of snout, nearly reaching caudal fin but never confluent; pelvic fin base slightly closer to tip of snout than to caudal fin base, reaching base of first anal fin rays; pectoral fin extend from operculum to base of first dorsal fin rays (Ref. 248). Pectoral spine slightly curved and robust (Ref. 248), serrated only on its outer side (Ref. 248, 81644), number of serrations increases with increasing standard length (Ref. 248). Lateral line appears as a small, white line running from posterior end of head to middle of caudal fin base (Ref. 248). Openings of secondary sensory canals (flank neuromasts) clearly marked, showing a regular pattern (Ref. 248, 81644).
為在第一個鰓弓上的鰓耙 (y) 的數字的復原係數 (b) 當標準長度 (x) 的功能為其分佈範圍在 0.013 與 0.060之間. 頭部是橢圓形的到矩形的在背部的輪廓中。 額骨囪門長而狹窄的;(刀狀的') 後頭骨囪門相當長而橢圓形的。 在地點之間的彩色斑紋的變化。
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Very common in inundated areas. Bury themselves in the mud when the pools are drying up. Feed mainly on fish and mollusks; also crustaceans, diatoms, detritus and bottom organisms (Ref. 248). Omnivorous and reproduction takes place in the rainy saison (Ref. 78218). Max. size for West Africa and Lower Guinea: 650mm TL (Ref. 57129, 81644).
非常常見於浸水的區域。 當水池被變乾的時候，埋頭於泥。 主要吃魚與軟體動物; 也捕食甲殼類動物, 矽藻, 碎屑與底部生物 (參考文獻 248)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Breeding season varies among localities, apparently timed to the rainy season. 非洲: 尼羅河下游與中游; 查德系統包括 Logone 與 Shari 河; 尼日與 Benoue 河流域; 貝南共和國，多哥，迦納與象牙海岸的沿海的河川; 甘比亞與塞內加爾河下游; 佛塔河系統; 殘餘倖存者族群出現在茅利塔尼亞與阿爾及利亞南部。 貿易在 FRG 限制。
Teugels, G.G., 1986. A systematic revision of the African species of the genus Clarias (Pisces; Clariidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 247:199 p. (Ref. 248)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 養殖: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00636 - 0.00993), b=2.97 (2.92 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.51 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tm=2-4; Fec < 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.9 [9.6, 92.2] mg/100g; Iron = 1.21 [0.68, 2.07] mg/100g; Protein = 16.9 [15.9, 18.0] %; Omega3 = 0.207 [0.067, 0.587] g/100g; Selenium = 151 [51, 382] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.3 [8.1, 69.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.721 [0.509, 1.023] mg/100g (wet weight);
