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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Labridae (Wrasses)
Etymology: Semicossyphus: Greek, semi = half + Greek, kossyphos, -ou = a kind of fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ayres.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 0 - 55 m (Ref. 9311), usually 3 - 30 m (Ref. 9311). Subtropical; 37°N - 22°N, 123°W - 106°W
Eastern Pacific: Monterey Bay in California, USA to Guadalupe Island (off northern central Baja California) and Gulf of California.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 91.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 2850); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 16.0 kg (Ref. 2850); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 53 έτη (Ref. 56049)
Prefer rocky bottom, particularly in kelp beds. Often feed on hard-shelled organisms such as sea urchins, mollusks, lobsters and crabs. Spawning occur during the summer and the eggs are pelagic (Ref. 9311). Live to more than 50 years of age. Each individual functions first as a female but changes to a male at a length of about 30 cm. Pelagic spawners (Ref. 56049). Flesh is white, of good quality and marketed fresh (Ref. 9311). The large teeth can cause serious bite wounds.
A diandric species (Ref. 55367). Transforms to a male at length of about 30.1 cm TL and 7.9 years of age (Ref. 55367). Forms leks during breeding (Ref. 55367). Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Traumatogenic (Ref. 13513)
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί; Ενυδρείο: Εμπορικό(ά)
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.6 - 22.9, mean 21.2 °C (based on 30 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00456 - 0.02002), b=3.06 (2.89 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.43 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Πολύ χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού > 14 έτη (tmax=53; tm=5; Fec=300,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.8 [8.7, 35.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.485 [0.267, 0.889] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [16.7, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.187 [0.109, 0.324] g/100g; Selenium = 19.1 [9.5, 37.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 36.7 [11.3, 141.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.684 [0.467, 1.110] mg/100g (wet weight);
