Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; nir-ruaya; kisaran kedalaman 3 - 92 m (Ref. 9710), usually 3 - 35 m (Ref. 40849). Tropical; 37°N - 29°S, 100°W - 28°W (Ref. 55266)
Western Atlantic: Georgia (USA), Bermuda, and northern Gulf of Mexico to Santa Catarina, Brazil (Ref. 57756).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 15.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3797); common length : 30.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3797)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 14; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 17 - 19; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 18 - 20. Front of body yellow; remaining parts of body, dorsal fin, and front of anal fin black. Caudal fin entirely yellow (Ref. 26938). Front margin of anal fin and edge of gill cover orange; bright blue on upper and lower part of iris. The young of about an inch in length are entirely yellow except for a blue-edged black spot on the upper side of the body posterior to the midpoint; with growth the black spot soon expands to become the large black area covering most of the body and dorsal and anal fins (Ref. 13442).
Inhabits rock jetties, rocky reefs and rich coral areas. Juveniles often associated with fire corals (Ref. 9710). Feeds on tunicates, sponges, zoantharians and algae. Marketed fresh (Ref. 3797).
Protogyny has been proposed for this species awaiting confirmation (Ref. 103751).
Allen, G.R., 1985. Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Akuarium: Komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.4 - 28, mean 27.4 °C (based on 220 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03311 (0.01745 - 0.06285), b=2.89 (2.72 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 42.5 [21.5, 68.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.511 [0.313, 0.828] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [17.1, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.104 [0.067, 0.163] g/100g; Selenium = 37 [21, 69] μg/100g; VitaminA = 65 [18, 234] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.23 [0.86, 1.72] mg/100g (wet weight);
