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Cyprinodontiformes (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers) >
Fundulidae (Topminnows and killifishes)
Etymology: Fundulus: Latin, fundus = bottom; a peculiar name for a topminnow, coined for a bottom species of Atlantic coast being "the abode of the fundulus mudfish" (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Entorno: milieu / zona climática / rango de profundidad / gama de distribución
Ecología
marino; agua dulce; salobre bentopelágico; no migratorio (Ref. 126106). Temperate; 10°C - 24°C (Ref. 12468); 52°N - 28°N, 82°W - 55°W
Western Atlantic: Gulf of St. Lawrence to northeast Florida, USA. Two subspecies were previously recognized: Fundulus heteroclitus heteroclitus and Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus (Ref. 86798). Introduced to southern Portugal and southern Spain (Ref. 59043).
Longitud en la primera madurez / Tamaño / Peso / Edad
Madurez: Lm ?, range 4 - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 27139); common length : 8.9 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 12193); edad máxima reportada: 4 años (Ref. 59043)
Distinguished from nearly identical species Fundulus grandis by having the following characters: more convex upper profile; dark bars alternating with silvery interspaces on side; small ocellus at rear of dorsal fin of male; and each mandible with 4 pores (Ref. 86798).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Adults occur in saltwater marshes, tidal creeks and nearby fresh water (Ref. 86798). A resident intertidal species with homing behavior (Ref. 32612). They may leave tide pools if aquatic conditions become inhospitable (Ref. 31184). They also enter fresh water to a limited extent (Ref. 7251). Not a seasonal killifish. They breathe air when out of water (Ref. 31184). Difficult to maintain in aquariums (Ref. 27139). Introduction has caused the decline of native species and near extinction of Aphanius baeticus in southwestern Spain (Ref. 59043).
Deposits eggs in the shells of Modiolus demissus (Ref. 26281).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
Situación en la Lista Roja de la UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Amenaza para el ser humano
Harmless
Usos humanos
Pesquerías: comercial; Acuario: Comercial
Herramientas
Informes especiales
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimaciones basadas en modelos
Temperatura preferida (Referencia
123201): 6.1 - 23.7, mean 9.3 °C (based on 163 cells).
Índice de diversidad filogenética (Referencia
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00723 - 0.01205), b=3.17 (3.10 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Referencia
69278): 3.6 ±0.48 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliencia (Referencia
120179): Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (tm<1; tmax=4).
Vulnerabilidad pesquera (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (19 of 100).
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Nutrientes (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 82.9 [39.2, 188.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.442 [0.225, 0.881] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.5, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.594 [0.249, 1.464] g/100g; Selenium = 4.78 [1.73, 11.60] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.2 [7.9, 115.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.09 [0.70, 1.68] mg/100g (wet weight);