分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cyprinodontiformes (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers)
鱂形目 (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers) >
Fundulidae (Topminnows and killifishes)
底鮰科 (Topminnows and killifishes)
Etymology: Fundulus: Latin, fundus = bottom; a peculiar name for a topminnow, coined for a bottom species of Atlantic coast being "the abode of the fundulus mudfish" (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 非遷移的. 溫帶; 10°C - 24°C (Ref. 12468); 52°N - 28°N, 82°W - 55°W
Western Atlantic: Gulf of St. Lawrence to northeast Florida, USA. Two subspecies were previously recognized: Fundulus heteroclitus heteroclitus and Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus (Ref. 86798). Introduced to southern Portugal and southern Spain (Ref. 59043).
西大西洋: 對沙土色鉤的加拿大 (參考文獻 5951), 到佛羅里達東北方的紐澤西州, 與在低的切薩皮克與德拉瓦州海灣中。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 4 - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 27139); common length : 8.9 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年齡: 4 年 (Ref. 59043)
Distinguished from nearly identical species Fundulus grandis by having the following characters: more convex upper profile; dark bars alternating with silvery interspaces on side; small ocellus at rear of dorsal fin of male; and each mandible with 4 pores (Ref. 86798).
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Occurs in saltwater marshes, tidal creeks and nearby fresh water (Ref. 86798). A resident intertidal species with homing behavior (Ref. 32612). Adults are mainly found in saltwater marshes and in tidal creeks. They may leave tide pools if aquatic conditions become inhospitable (Ref. 31184). They also enter fresh water to a limited extent (Ref. 7251). Not a seasonal killifish. They breathe air when out of water (Ref. 31184). Difficult to maintain in aquariums (Ref. 27139). Introduction has caused the decline of native species and near extinction of Aphanius baeticus in southwestern Spain (Ref. 59043).
一個定居的潮間帶的種有歸巢的行為。 (參考文獻 32612) 主要地發現於鹽水的濕地了與在潮汐的小溪中。 如果水生的環境變成不適居留，可能離開潮池。 (參考文獻 31184) 進入淡水到有限的範圍。 (參考文獻 7251) 不是一個季節性的鱂科魚類。 呼吸空氣當離開水面.(參考文獻 31184) 難以維持在水族館.(參考文獻 27139)
Deposits eggs in the shells of Modiolus demissus (Ref. 26281).西大西洋: 對沙土色鉤的加拿大 (參考文獻 5951), 到佛羅里達東北方的紐澤西州, 與在低的切薩皮克與德拉瓦州海灣中。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 February 2012
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.1 - 23.7, mean 9.3 °C (based on 163 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00721 - 0.01208), b=3.17 (3.10 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.48 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm<1; tmax=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (19 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 82.9 [39.2, 188.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.442 [0.225, 0.881] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.5, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.594 [0.249, 1.464] g/100g; Selenium = 4.78 [1.73, 11.60] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.2 [7.9, 115.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.09 [0.70, 1.68] mg/100g (wet weight);
