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Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Rudd
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Scardinius erythrophthalmus
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Classification / Names Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Leuciscinae
Etymology: Scardinius: A range of lofty mountains, Scardus, forming the boundary between Moesia and Macedonia;  erythrophthalmus: Name from Greek words scar=a kind of fish; din=terrible, whirling; erythro=red; phthalm=the eye (Ref. 79012).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

; acqua dolce; salmastro benthopelagico; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 10 - 15; potamodromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 0 - ? m. Temperate; 2°C - 22°C (Ref. 27368); 62°N - 36°N, 10°W - 70°E

Distribuzione Stati | Aree FAO | Ecosystems | Presenze | Point map | Introduzioni | Faunafri

Eurasia: Most European rivers north of Pyrenees and Alps, eastward to Ural and Eya drainages, Aral and White Sea basins; Black Sea basin in Europe and northern Asia Minor. Naturally absent from Iberian Peninsula, Adriatic basin, Italy, Greece south of Pinios drainage, Great Britain north of 54 N, Ireland and Scandinavia north of 62° N (Ref. 59043). Definitely absent in Siberia. Reports from this area arose from the confusion between the rudd and the roach (Ref. 1441). Introduced to several countries. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction (Ref. 1739).

Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age

Maturity: Lm 8.1  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 61.7 cm TL (female); common length : 20.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 556); peso massimo pubblicato: 0.00 g; Età massima riportata: 19 anni (Ref. 27368)

Short description Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria

Spine dorsali (totale) : 3; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 8 - 9; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 8 - 12; Vertebre: 36 - 39. Distinguished from its congeners in Europe by the following combination of characters: 39-42 scales along lateral line; anal fin with 10-13½ branched rays; 9-12 gill rakers; dorsal head profile straight or slightly convex, snout pointing forward, tip at or slightly above level of middle of eye; back not humped behind nape; eye bit close to dorsal head profile when viewed laterally; articulation of lower jaw in front of anterior margin of eye; head and body compressed, head width 13-14% SL; head length 24-28% SL; caudal peduncle depth 1.5-2.0 times in its length, 11-12% SL; and all fins with reddish hue, pelvic fin deep red (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 18-19 rays (Ref. 2196)

Biologia     Glossario (es. epibenthic)

Occurs mainly in nutrient-rich, well vegetated lowland rivers, backwaters, oxbows, ponds and lakes. Feeds mainly on plankton, terrestrial insects and plant material. Breeds on roots or submerged plants. Can adapt to unfavorable environmental condition (Ref. 59043). Colorless or pale yellow eggs are found attached to vegetation in shallow water (Ref. 41678). Consumed fresh (Ref. 30578). Threatened due to the introduction of other species (Ref. 26100).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve

Males gather at spawning grounds and drive ripe females, often with much splashing, into dense vegetation to spawn (Ref. 59043). Eggs are very sticky (Ref. 59043) and colorless or pale yellow which are found attached to vegetation in shallow water (Ref. 41678).

Main reference Upload your references | Bibliografia | Coordinatore | Collaboratori

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Potential pest (Ref. 52336)





Human uses

Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale; Acquacoltura: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si; Acquario: Commerciale; esca: usually
FAO - Aquaculture systems: production; pesca: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Trophic ecology
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Food consumptions
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Predatori
Ecology
Ecologia
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
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Life cycle
Riproduzione
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
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Larve
Dinamica popolazioni larvali
Distribution
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Aree FAO
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Genetics
Genetica
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Aquaculture systems
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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5010   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00711 - 0.00847), b=3.16 (3.14 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  2.9   ±0.39 se; based on food items.
Resilienza (Ref. 120179):  Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (K=0.09-0.18; tm=3-4; tmax=19).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 56.1 [27.8, 99.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.484 [0.247, 0.976] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.606 [0.301, 1.230] g/100g; Selenium = 11.5 [5.7, 22.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.1 [9.6, 75.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.65 [0.38, 1.47] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.