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Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Leuciscinae
Etymology: Scardinius: A range of lofty mountains, Scardus, forming the boundary between Moesia and Macedonia; erythrophthalmus: Name from Greek words scar=a kind of fish; din=terrible, whirling; erythro=red; phthalm=the eye (Ref. 79012).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
; স্বাদু পানি; ঈষৎ লোনা সমুদতলে ভাসমান বেনথোপেলাজিক ; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 10 - 15; পোটামোড্রোমাস (Ref. 51243); গভীরতার পরিসীমা 0 - ? m. Temperate; 2°C - 22°C (Ref. 27368); 62°N - 36°N, 10°W - 70°E
Eurasia: Most European rivers north of Pyrenees and Alps, eastward to Ural and Eya drainages, Aral and White Sea basins; Black Sea basin in Europe and northern Asia Minor. Naturally absent from Iberian Peninsula, Adriatic basin, Italy, Greece south of Pinios drainage, Great Britain north of 54 N, Ireland and Scandinavia north of 62° N (Ref. 59043). Definitely absent in Siberia. Reports from this area arose from the confusion between the rudd and the roach (Ref. 1441). Introduced to several countries. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction (Ref. 1739).
Length at first maturity / আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
Maturity: Lm 8.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 61.7 cm TL (female); common length : 20.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 556); সবের্াচ্চ প্রকাশিত ওজন : 0.00 g; সর্বোচ্চ উলি্ল্লখিত বয়স : 19 বৎসর (Ref. 27368)
পৃষ্ঠীয় কাঁটা (মোট ) : 3; পৃষ্ঠীয় নরম পাখনা দন্ড (মোট ) : 8 - 9; পায়ূ কাঁটা : 3; পায়ূর নরম পাখনা্তুন্ড: 8 - 12; কশেরুকা : 36 - 39. Distinguished from its congeners in Europe by the following combination of characters: 39-42 scales along lateral line; anal fin with 10-13½ branched rays; 9-12 gill rakers; dorsal head profile straight or slightly convex, snout pointing forward, tip at or slightly above level of middle of eye; back not humped behind nape; eye bit close to dorsal head profile when viewed laterally; articulation of lower jaw in front of anterior margin of eye; head and body compressed, head width 13-14% SL; head length 24-28% SL; caudal peduncle depth 1.5-2.0 times in its length, 11-12% SL; and all fins with reddish hue, pelvic fin deep red (Ref. 59043).
Caudal fin with 18-19 rays (Ref. 2196)
Occurs mainly in nutrient-rich, well vegetated lowland rivers, backwaters, oxbows, ponds and lakes. Feeds mainly on plankton, terrestrial insects and plant material. Breeds on roots or submerged plants. Can adapt to unfavorable environmental condition (Ref. 59043). Colorless or pale yellow eggs are found attached to vegetation in shallow water (Ref. 41678). Consumed fresh (Ref. 30578). Threatened due to the introduction of other species (Ref. 26100).
Males gather at spawning grounds and drive ripe females, often with much splashing, into dense vegetation to spawn (Ref. 59043). Eggs are very sticky (Ref. 59043) and colorless or pale yellow which are found attached to vegetation in shallow water (Ref. 41678).
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Potential pest (Ref. 52336)
Human uses
মৎস্য: গৌণ বাণিজ্যিক ; এ্যাকুয়াকালচার (জলজ পালন) : বাণিজ্যিক; শিকারযোগ্য মাছ: হঁ্যা ; মৎস্যাধার / এ্যাকুয়ারিয়াম : বাণিজ্যিক; স্পশর্ী : usually
হাতিয়ার
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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00711 - 0.00847), b=3.16 (3.14 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref.
120179): নিম্ন/ , সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ৪.৪-১৪ বৎসর (K=0.09-0.18; tm=3-4; tmax=19).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 56.1 [27.8, 99.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.484 [0.247, 0.976] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.606 [0.301, 1.230] g/100g; Selenium = 11.5 [5.7, 22.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.1 [9.6, 75.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.65 [0.38, 1.47] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
