分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 大洋性; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 20 - ? m (Ref. 9696). 溫帶; 10°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 63°N - 36°N, 8°E - 73°E
Eurasia: Black Sea, Caspian Sea and Aral Sea basins; Baltic basin from Vistula to Neva drainages, southern Sweden and Finland, Lakes Ladoga and Onega. Occasionally on Baltic coast west of Vistula and on Finnish coast north of 61°N (Ref. 59043).
歐亞大陸: 河川下游與波羅地海東部，黑海，裡海與鹹海的半鹹淡水域。 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 556); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大体重: 2.0 kg (Ref. 556); 最大年龄: 11 年 (Ref. 27368)
Mouth oblique. Low wavy lateral line. Belly with a sharp edge (Ref. 35388).
嘴斜角。 低的波浪状的侧线。 腹面有一个锐利的边缘。 (参考文献 35388)
Adults shoal in lower reaches of large rivers and in the eastern Baltic, the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea. They spawn in spring in midstream (Ref. 9696) and return to estuaries to forage immediately after spawning (Ref. 59043). Juveniles may migrate to estuaries during first summer (Ref. 59043). Feed on zooplankton, terrestrial invertebrates and small fish (Ref. 59043).
游入大河的下游的浅滩与在波罗地海东部, 里海与咸海中。 在河流正中中产卵在春天。 (参考文献 9696)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Open water egg scatterers.歐亞大陸: 河川下游與波羅地海東部，黑海，裡海與鹹海的半鹹淡水域。 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström, 1968. Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00358 - 0.01465), b=3.14 (2.98 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 10.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.20; tmax=11).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 66.5 [31.2, 113.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.558 [0.337, 0.929] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.7, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.8 [0.4, 1.6] g/100g; Selenium = 7.91 [3.55, 16.95] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.8 [5.7, 58.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.677 [0.485, 0.950] mg/100g (wet weight);
