分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 大洋性; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 20 - ? m (Ref. 9696). 溫帶; 10°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 63°N - 36°N, 8°E - 73°E
Eurasia: Black Sea, Caspian Sea and Aral Sea basins; Baltic basin from Vistula to Neva drainages, southern Sweden and Finland, Lakes Ladoga and Onega. Occasionally on Baltic coast west of Vistula and on Finnish coast north of 61°N (Ref. 59043).
歐亞大陸: 河川下游與波羅地海東部，黑海，裡海與鹹海的半鹹淡水域。 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大體重: 2.0 kg (Ref. 556); 最大年齡: 11 年 (Ref. 27368)
Mouth oblique. Low wavy lateral line. Belly with a sharp edge (Ref. 35388).
嘴斜角。 低的波浪狀的側線。 腹面有一個銳利的邊緣。 (參考文獻 35388)
Adults shoal in lower reaches of large rivers and in the eastern Baltic, the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea. They spawn in spring in midstream (Ref. 9696) and return to estuaries to forage immediately after spawning (Ref. 59043). Juveniles may migrate to estuaries during first summer (Ref. 59043). Feed on zooplankton, terrestrial invertebrates and small fish (Ref. 59043).
游入大河的下游的淺灘與在波羅地海東部, 裡海與鹹海中。 在河流正中中產卵在春天。 (參考文獻 9696)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Open water egg scatterers.歐亞大陸: 河川下游與波羅地海東部，黑海，裡海與鹹海的半鹹淡水域。 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström, 1968. Süßwasserfische. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 224 p. (Ref. 556)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00358 - 0.01465), b=3.14 (2.98 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 10.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.20; tmax=11).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 66.5 [31.2, 113.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.558 [0.337, 0.929] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.7, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.8 [0.4, 1.6] g/100g; Selenium = 7.91 [3.55, 16.95] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.8 [5.7, 58.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.677 [0.485, 0.950] mg/100g (wet weight);
