分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Batrachoidiformes (Toadfishes) >
Batrachoididae (Toadfishes) > Thalassophryninae
Etymology: Thalassophryne: Greek, thalassa = the sea + Greek , phryne = toad (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Johann Natterer (1787–1843) was an Austrian naturalist and collector. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Steindachner.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 60 m (Ref. 13608). 熱帶
Western Atlantic: Tobago to São Paulo, Brazil (Ref. 57756).
西大西洋: 對桑河薩爾瓦多巴西的托貝哥島。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.3 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 122735); 最大体重: 230.80 g (Ref. 122735)
背棘 (总数) : 2; 背的软条 (总数) : 20 - 29; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 19. All fin membranes brownish proximally, blackish from medial to distally, white extremely; body dark brown; diffuse black saddle-shaped blotches on body, 1 on orbital region and dorsal spine area, 3 on soft dorsal; no black spot except for base of dorsal and opercular spines (Ref. 13608).
所有的鳍薄膜褐色的近端地, 黑色的从中间的到末梢部地, 非常地的白色; 身体深褐色的; 在身体上的扩散的黑色鞍状的斑块,1 在眼窝的区域与背棘区域上,3 软的之上背部的; 没有黑色的斑点除了背鳍基底与鳃盖棘.(参考文献 13608)
Numerous in the estuarine areas of the Brazilian coast; stays motionless in the sandy or muddy bottoms; the venom is injected in the flesh of the victim when pressure is applied on the gland (Ref. 55461).
很多的在巴西海岸的河口地区中; 在沙底或泥底中停留不动; 当压力在腺上被应用的时候，毒液在受害者的肉被注射。 (参考文献 55461)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 對桑河薩爾瓦多巴西的托貝哥島。
Collette, B.B., 1966. A review of the venomous toadfishes, subfamily Thalassophryninae. Copeia 1966(4):846-864. (Ref. 30721)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.6 - 28, mean 27.3 °C (based on 264 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00189 - 0.01269), b=3.15 (2.92 - 3.38), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
