分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Batrachoidiformes (Toadfishes)
蟾魚目 (Toadfishes) >
Batrachoididae (Toadfishes)
蟾魚科 (Toadfishes) > Thalassophryninae
Etymology: Thalassophryne: Greek, thalassa = the sea + Greek , phryne = toad (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Johann Natterer (1787–1843) was an Austrian naturalist and collector. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Steindachner.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 60 m (Ref. 13608). 熱帶
Western Atlantic: Tobago to São Paulo, Brazil (Ref. 57756).
西大西洋: 對聖保羅巴西的托貝哥島.(參考文獻 57756)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.3 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 122735); 最大體重: 230.80 g (Ref. 122735)
背棘 (總數) : 2; 背的軟條 (總數) : 20 - 29; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 19. All fin membranes brownish proximally, blackish from medial to distally, white extremely; body dark brown; diffuse black saddle-shaped blotches on body, 1 on orbital region and dorsal spine area, 3 on soft dorsal; no black spot except for base of dorsal and opercular spines (Ref. 13608).
所有的鰭薄膜褐色的近端地, 黑色的從中間的到末梢部地, 非常地的白色; 身體深褐色的; 在身體上的擴散的黑色鞍狀的斑塊,1 在眼窩的區域與背棘區域上,3 軟的之上背部的; 沒有黑色的斑點除了背鰭基底與鰓蓋棘.(參考文獻 13608)
Numerous in the estuarine areas of the Brazilian coast; stays motionless in the sandy or muddy bottoms; the venom is injected in the flesh of the victim when pressure is applied on the gland (Ref. 55461).
很多的在巴西海岸的河口地區中; 在沙底或泥底中停留不動; 當壓力在腺上被應用的時候，毒液在受害者的肉被注射。 (參考文獻 55461)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 對聖保羅巴西的托貝哥島.(參考文獻 57756)
Collette, B.B., 1966. A review of the venomous toadfishes, subfamily Thalassophryninae. Copeia 1966(4):846-864. (Ref. 30721)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 21 August 2012
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.6 - 28, mean 27.3 °C (based on 264 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00189 - 0.01269), b=3.15 (2.92 - 3.38), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
