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Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758)

Freshwater bream
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Abramis brama
Picture by Hartl, A.

Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Leuciscinae
Etymology: Abramis: Greek, abramis, -idos = a fish, grey mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

; Γλυκού νερού; Υφάλμυρο βενθοπελαγικό; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 15 - ?; ποταμόδρομος (Ref. 51243); εύρος βάθους 1 - ? m (Ref. 9696). Temperate; 10°C - 24°C (Ref. 2059); 75°N - 40°N, 11°W - 73°E

Κατανομή Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Point map | Εισαγωγές | Faunafri

Europe and Asia: most European drainages from Adour (France) to Pechora (White Sea basin); Aegean Sea basin, in Lake Volvi and Struma and Maritza drainages. Naturally absent from Iberian Peninsula, Adriatic basin, Italy, Scotland, Scandinavia north of Bergen (Norway) and 67°N (Finland). Locally introduced in Ireland, Spain and northeastern Italy. In Asia, from Marmara basin (Turkey) and eastward to Aral basin. Introduced in Lake Baikal and upper Ob and Yenisei drainages.

Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 82.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 6114); common length : 25.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 3561); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 6.0 kg (Ref. 4699); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 23 έτη (Ref. 796)

Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 3; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 9 - 10; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 23 - 30; Σπόνδυλοι: 43 - 45. The only species of the genus which can be diagnosed from other species of Ballerus, Blicca and Vimba by the following characters: mouth sub-inferior, which can be extended as a tube; lateral line with 51-60 scales; anal fin with 30½ branched rays; eye diameter about 2/3 of snout length in individuals larger than 10 cm SL; pharyngeal teeth 5-5; and base of paired fins hyaline or grey (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196). Tall, laterally compressed body. Fins darker in adults. Anal fin base twice as long as the dorsal fin (Ref. 35388).

Βιολογία     Γλωσσάρι (π.χ. epibenthic)

Adults inhabit a wide variety of lakes and large to medium sized rivers. Most abundant in backwaters, lower parts of slow-flowing rivers, brackish estuaries and warm and shallow lakes (Ref. 59043). Adults occur usually in still and slow-running waters where they travel in large shoals (Ref. 9696). Larvae and juveniles live in still water bodies, feeding on plankton. One to two years old juveniles move from backwaters to river to feed. In the absence of opportunity to leave backwaters, juveniles may adapt but have a slower growth and attain maturity at a smaller size. They also drift to brackishwater estuaries to forage when water level of flooded areas drops in lower reaches of large rivers. Foraging juveniles in brackish waters stay in lower parts of rivers to overwinter in freshwater (Ref. 59043). Feed on insects, particularly chironomids, small crustaceans, mollusks and plants. Larger specimens may feed on small fish. Juveniles feed on zooplankton (Ref. 30578). Able to shift to particle feeding or even filter feeding at high zooplankton abundance. Usually spawn in backwaters, floodplains or lakes shores with dense vegetation (Ref. 59043). Can survive out of the water for extended periods (Ref. 9988). The flesh is bony, insipid and soft (Ref. 30578). Marketed fresh or frozen. Eaten steamed, broiled, fried and baked (Ref. 9988).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες

Undergo upriver migration (100 km in Dniepr) to spawn. Many populations start spawning migration in autumn ( especially semi-anadromours forms), slow down during winter and continue in spring. Males often defend spawning territories along shorelines. Eggs are sticky and eggs size increases with age of female. Frequently forms fertile hybrids with Rutilus rutilus (Ref. 59043).

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής | Συνεργάτες

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

αλιεία: πολύ εμπορικό; Υδατοκαλλιέργειες: Εμπορικό(ά); αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί; δόλωμα: usually
FAO - Aquaculture systems: Παραγωγή; αλιεία: landings, species profile; Publication: search | FishSource |

Περισσότερες πληροφορίες

Anatomy
Gill areas
Εγκέφαλοι
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Κολυμβητικός τύπος
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Ήχοι ψαριών
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Γενετική
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
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References
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00694 - 0.00829), b=3.14 (3.11 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278):  3.1   ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 9.0 (7.2 - 10.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 50 growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179):  Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (K=0.06-0.17; tm=3-5; tmax=17; Fec=90,000-340,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 19.3 [11.8, 39.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.257 [0.166, 0.467] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.2, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.628 [0.335, 1.215] g/100g; Selenium = 12.2 [6.5, 22.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.5 [7.7, 48.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.412 [0.333, 0.737] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.