分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Issue
Species complex include Gymnura lessae and
Gymnura sereti; distribution of and both species were included for Gymnura micrura. Distribution will be corrected.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 55 m (Ref. 27549). 深水域
Southwestern Atlantic: Venezuela, including Trinidad and Tobago, to Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).
西大西洋: 马里兰, 美国到巴西。 也墨西哥湾与南美洲到巴西北部.(参考文献 26938) 东大西洋: 塞内加尔，甘比亚，狮子山，喀麦隆与刚果 (对刚果河的嘴巴).(参考文献 4439) 记录来自毛里塔尼亚了。 (参考文献 55783) 来自斯里兰卡外海，印度，马来西亚，新加坡，越南的分类命名纪录, 如果的确它是出现于大西洋中的相同的种，印度尼西亚的婆罗沙洲与苏门答腊与菲律宾需要被查证。 (参考文献 9918)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 35.0, range 34 - 50 cm
Max length : 137 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4439); common length : 90.0 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 0.00 g
Broad, diamond-shaped ray with a very short tail lacking a dorsal spine (Ref. 26938). Snout protruding. Front edges of disk concave. Tail with low dorsal and ventral finfolds and 3 - 4 dark crossbars (Ref. 7251). Upper surface gray, brown, light green or purple with round spots. Lower surface white (Ref. 6902).
宽又菱形鳍条具有一个非常短的尾部没有背棘.(参考文献 26938) 吻伸出。 圆盘的前缘凹曲。 尾部有低的背部与腹的鳍褶与 3- 4个深色的交叉条纹.(参考文献 7251) 上表皮灰色的，褐色，和淡绿色的或紫色有圆的斑点。 下表面白色.(参考文献 6902)
Prefers neritic waters of the continental shelf and
usually found on soft bottoms. May enter brackish
estuaries or hyper-saline lagoons (Ref. 5217). Feeds on
fish and shrimps (Ref. 28587); other crustaceans and clams
(Ref. 27549). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Generally
marketed salted (Ref. 5217).
偏爱大陆架的浅海水域而且通常发现于软质底部。 可能进入半咸淡的河口或高盐度的泻湖。 (参考文献 5217) 吃鱼与虾。 (参考文献 28587) 卵胎生的.(参考文献 50449) 通常在市场上销售盐腌的.(参考文献 5217)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 马里兰, 美国到巴西。 也墨西哥湾与南美洲到巴西北部.(参考文献 26938) 东大西洋: 塞内加尔，甘比亚，狮子山，喀麦隆与刚果 (对刚果河的嘴巴).(参考文献 4439) 记录来自毛里塔尼亚了。 (参考文献 55783) 来自斯里兰卡外海，印度，马来西亚，新加坡，越南的分类命名纪录, 如果的确它是出现于大西洋中的相同的种，印度尼西亚的婆罗沙洲与苏门答腊与菲律宾需要被查证。 (参考文献 9918)
Yokota, L. and M.R. de Carvalho, 2017. Taxonomic and morphological revision of butterfly rays of Gymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) species complex, with the description of two new species (Myliobatiformes: Gymnuridae). Zootaxa 4332(1):1-74. (Ref. 116399)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
临近濒危 (NT) (A2d); Date assessed: 19 September 2020
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.8 - 27.9, mean 25 °C (based on 544 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00314 - 0.00839), b=3.10 (2.95 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Fec=3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 7.1 [1.0, 38.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.314 [0.067, 0.935] mg/100g; Protein = 21.9 [18.4, 24.9] %; Omega3 = 0.234 [0.058, 0.711] g/100g; Selenium = 8.65 [2.29, 27.32] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.06 [1.19, 29.85] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.395 [0.196, 0.738] mg/100g (wet weight);
