Taxonomic Remarks
Species complex include Gymnura lessae and
Gymnura sereti; distribution of and both species were included for Gymnura micrura. Distribution will be corrected.
पर्यावरण: पर्यावरण / जलवायु क्षेत्र / गहराई सीमा / वितरण सीमा
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; खारा ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा ? - 55 m (Ref. 27549). Deep-water
Southwestern Atlantic: Venezuela, including Trinidad and Tobago, to Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).
प्रथम परिपक्वता पर लंबाई / आकार / वज़न / आयु
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm 35.0, range 34 - 50 cm
Max length : 137 cm WD पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 4439); common length : 90.0 cm WD पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 5217); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 0.00 g
Broad, diamond-shaped ray with a very short tail lacking a dorsal spine (Ref. 26938). Snout protruding. Front edges of disk concave. Tail with low dorsal and ventral finfolds and 3 - 4 dark crossbars (Ref. 7251). Upper surface gray, brown, light green or purple with round spots. Lower surface white (Ref. 6902).
Body shape (shape guide): other.
Prefers neritic waters of the continental shelf and
usually found on soft bottoms. May enter brackish
estuaries or hyper-saline lagoons (Ref. 5217). Feeds on
fish and shrimps (Ref. 28587); other crustaceans and clams
(Ref. 27549). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Generally
marketed salted (Ref. 5217).
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).
Yokota, L. and M.R. de Carvalho, 2017. Taxonomic and morphological revision of butterfly rays of Gymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) species complex, with the description of two new species (Myliobatiformes: Gymnuridae). Zootaxa 4332(1):1-74. (Ref. 116399)
आईयूसीएन रेड लिस्ट स्थिति (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
मनुष्यों के लिए ख़तरा
Harmless
मानव उपयोग
मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य
साधन
विशेष रिपोर्ट
XML डाउनलोड करें
इंटरनेट स्रोत
मॉडल पर आधारित अनुमान
पसंदीदा तापमान (संदर्भ
123201): 21.8 - 27.9, mean 25 °C (based on 544 cells).
जातिवृति विविधता सूचकांक (संदर्भ
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00331 - 0.00870), b=3.09 (2.94 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
ट्रॉफिक स्तर (संदर्भ
69278): 3.6 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
लौटाव (संदर्भ
120179): बहुत नीचे, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 14 महीने। (Fec=3).
मछली पकड़ने की भेद्यता (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
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पोषक तत्व (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 7.1 [1.0, 38.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.314 [0.067, 0.935] mg/100g; Protein = 21.9 [18.4, 24.9] %; Omega3 = 0.234 [0.058, 0.711] g/100g; Selenium = 8.65 [2.29, 27.32] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.06 [1.19, 29.85] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.395 [0.196, 0.738] mg/100g (wet weight);