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> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

; sötvatten pelagiska. Subtropical; 41°N - 40°N, 23°E - 24°E

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Europe: Lakes Koronia (extirpated) and Volvi, Greece (ref. 59043).

Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m 12.4, range 11 - 14 cm
Max length : 35.1 cm FL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 10545); publicerad maxvikt: 600.00 g (Ref. 10545); rapporterad maxålder: 10 år (Ref. 10545)

Short description Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 3 - 4; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 12 - 14; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 3 - 4; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 16 - 21. This species is distinguished from its congeners entering the freshwater in Mediterranean basin by the following characters: gill rakers 106-128; teeth on palatine and vomer well-developed, especially in juveniles (Ref. 59043).

Landlocked, lacustrine, pelagic, in upper water layers during summer and descending to deeper layers in winter. It spawns at 1-2 years, near shores above gravel or coarse sand, with most individuals spawning more than one season. Spawning starts when temperature reach about 19-20°C, in July to August (Ref. 59043). Adults form schools in the epilimnion during summer and tend to congregate in shallow waters near shores. They feed on plankton (cladocerans and copepods) and small fishes (Ref. 10545, 59043). It is threatened by water abstraction and pollution (Ref. 26100).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver

Deposits eggs near the shore where the sediment consists of gravel or coarse sand (Ref. 10545). Most individuals spawn in more than one season (Ref. 59043).

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Economidis, P.S. and A.I. Sinis, 1991. Alosa macedonica (Vinciguerra 1921). p. 297-308. In H. Hoestlandt (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 2. Clupeidae, Anguillidae. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. (Ref. 10545)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Sårbar, se IUCNs rödlista (VU) (D2); Date assessed: 31 January 2006

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Trophic ecology
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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00347 - 0.01045), b=2.95 (2.80 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 3.7 ±0.64 se; based on food items.

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (tm=1; tmax=10; K=0.403).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Low.

Alosa macedonica (Vinciguerra, 1921)