分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 大洋性. 亞熱帶的; 41°N - 40°N, 23°E - 24°E
Europe: Lakes Koronia (extirpated) and Volvi, Greece (ref. 59043).
歐洲: 希臘 Volvi 湖的特有種。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 12.4, range 11 - 14 cm
Max length : 35.1 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 10545); 最大体重: 600.00 g (Ref. 10545); 最大年龄: 10 年 (Ref. 10545)
背棘 (总数) : 3 - 4; 背的软条 (总数) : 12 - 14; 臀棘: 3 - 4; 臀鳍软条: 16 - 21. This species is distinguished from its congeners entering the freshwater in Mediterranean basin by the following characters: gill rakers 106-128; teeth on palatine and vomer well-developed, especially in juveniles (Ref. 59043).
Landlocked, lacustrine, pelagic, in upper water layers during summer and descending to deeper layers in winter. It spawns at 1-2 years, near shores above gravel or coarse sand, with most individuals spawning more than one season. Spawning starts when temperature reach about 19-20°C, in July to August (Ref. 59043). Adults form schools in the epilimnion during summer and tend to congregate in shallow waters near shores. They feed on plankton (cladocerans and copepods) and small fishes (Ref. 10545, 59043). It is threatened by water abstraction and pollution (Ref. 26100).
出现于平静的水域中的一种生命期短的种。 在表水层中形成鱼群夏天时而且倾向聚集在近岸浅水区。 吃浮游生物与鱼类。 (参考文献 10545) 繁殖发生从四月到六月。 受到威胁的由于水资源减少与污染.(参考文献 26100)。
Deposits eggs near the shore where the sediment consists of gravel or coarse sand (Ref. 10545). Most individuals spawn in more than one season (Ref. 59043).歐洲: 希臘 Volvi 湖的特有種。
Economidis, P.S. and A.I. Sinis, 1991. Alosa macedonica (Vinciguerra 1921). p. 297-308. In H. Hoestlandt (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 2. Clupeidae, Anguillidae. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. (Ref. 10545)
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00347 - 0.01045), b=2.95 (2.80 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.64 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1; tmax=10; K=0.403).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
