分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays)
鰩目 (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
鰩科 (Skates)
Etymology: Caliraja: The prefix name Cali- refers to the state of California, United States and Gulf of California, Baja California, Mexico, the regions where the types of all four recognized species were described; rhina: Name from the Greek 'rhina' meaning nose (Ref. 27436).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 深海底的; 深度上下限 9 - 1069 m (Ref. 80796), usually 55 - 350 m (Ref. 43939). 深水域; 61°N - 22°N, 165°W - 110°W (Ref. 55282)
Eastern Pacific: Navarin Canyon in the Bering Sea and Unalaska Island, Alaska to Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico.
東太平洋: 白令海的拿瓦倫峽谷與 Unalaska 島，阿拉斯加到塞德羅斯島，墨西哥的下加利福尼亞。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 90.0, range 70 - 100 cm
Max length : 180 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 96339); 最大年齡: 13 年 (Ref. 27350)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0. A row of about 20 sharp mid-dorsal spines from base of tail to space between dorsal spines where there may be an additional spine; 1 or 2 mid-dorsal spines immediately behind eyes; a sparse discontinuous row of spines around inner edge of orbit (Ref. 6885). Dorsal fins small and well back on tail; caudal reduced to a low ridge; anal fin absent; pectorals broad, attached to snout and incorporated with body; pelvic fins acutely and very deeply incised (Ref. 6885). A fleshy lateral ridge on each side of tail (Ref. 6885). Dorsal surface uniform brown with a simple dark ring at the base of each pectoral fin, and there may be a light spot posterior to the ring; the ventral surface is a muddy blue with small brown flecks on the anterior part (Ref. 6885).
一排大約那裡可能是一根附加的棘的 20根銳利的從尾部的基底到間隔的空間背棘的背部中央棘; 1 或 2 背部中央棘在眼正後方; 眼窩的內緣的周圍一列稀疏不連續的棘.(參考文獻 6885) 背鰭小的而且在尾部正後方; 尾部的縮小成一個低的脊; 沒有臀鰭; 胸鰭寬的, 依附於吻而且和身體合併; 腹鰭尖銳地與非常深鋸齒狀的.(參考文獻 6885) 在尾部的兩邊上的一個肉質的側面脊.(參考文獻 6885) 背面全褐色的具有一個在每個胸鰭的基底的單一深色的環, 與那裡可能是，一個淡色的斑點在環後面; 腹面是一暗藍色的有小褐色斑紋在前部上.(參考文獻 6885)
Found partially or completely buried on sand and silty bottoms (Ref. 27436). Adults feed mainly on bony fishes (Ref. 114953). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 9.4-13.0 cm long and 5.7-7.7 cm wide (Ref. 41249, 41300, 41357). Males reaches maturity at ca. 62-74 cm TL, females at 70-100 cm TL; young hatch at 12-17 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
發現部份地或完全地被埋藏於沙子與淤泥底。 (參考文獻 27436) 卵生的。 明顯的成對出現。 幼魚可能傾向跟隨大的個體, 例如他們的母親.(參考文獻 205) 卵為長方形鞘囊具有僵硬的觸角沈積在沙灘或泥灘的角落.(參考文獻 205) 卵鞘是 9.4-13.0 公分長與 5.7-7.7 公分寬的.(參考文獻 41249,41300,41357)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Egg cases usually with only one egg (Ref. 6885).東太平洋: 白令海的拿瓦倫峽谷與 Unalaska 島，阿拉斯加到塞德羅斯島，墨西哥的下加利福尼亞。
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 February 2019
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 3.4 - 8.6, mean 5.8 °C (based on 252 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00141 - 0.00645), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Prior r = 0.11, 95% CL = 0.07 - 0.16, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 4.71 [0.90, 24.47] mg/100g; Iron = 0.301 [0.072, 0.951] mg/100g; Protein = 16.5 [13.9, 19.1] %; Omega3 = 0.516 [0.128, 1.957] g/100g; Selenium = 17.9 [3.5, 101.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.52 [2.09, 43.20] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.236 [0.115, 0.439] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
