التصنيف / الأسماء
الأسماء الشائعة | مرادفات | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, الانواع) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
أشلاق (القروش و الشفانين) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Caliraja: The prefix name Cali- refers to the state of California, United States and Gulf of California, Baja California, Mexico, the regions where the types of all four recognized species were described; rhina: Name from the Greek 'rhina' meaning nose (Ref. 27436).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
البيئة: الوسط / المنطقة المناخية / نطاق العمق / نطاق التوزيع
البيئة
بحري قاعية المعيشة; محيطية (Ref. 138310); نطاق العمق 9 - 1069 m (Ref. 80796), usually 55 - 350 m (Ref. 43939). Deep-water; 61°N - 22°N, 165°W - 110°W (Ref. 55282)
Eastern Pacific: Navarin Canyon in the Bering Sea and Unalaska Island, Alaska to Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico.
الطول عند النضج الأول / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm 90.0, range 70 - 100 cm
Max length : 180 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 96339); العمر: 13 سنين (Ref. 27350)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; شوكة شرجية: 0. A row of about 20 sharp mid-dorsal spines from base of tail to space between dorsal spines where there may be an additional spine; 1 or 2 mid-dorsal spines immediately behind eyes; a sparse discontinuous row of spines around inner edge of orbit (Ref. 6885). Dorsal fins small and well back on tail; caudal reduced to a low ridge; anal fin absent; pectorals broad, attached to snout and incorporated with body; pelvic fins acutely and very deeply incised (Ref. 6885). A fleshy lateral ridge on each side of tail (Ref. 6885). Dorsal surface uniform brown with a simple dark ring at the base of each pectoral fin, and there may be a light spot posterior to the ring; the ventral surface is a muddy blue with small brown flecks on the anterior part (Ref. 6885).
Body shape (shape guide): other.
Found partially or completely buried on sand and silty bottoms (Ref. 27436). Adults feed mainly on bony fishes (Ref. 114953). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 9.4-13.0 cm long and 5.7-7.7 cm wide (Ref. 41249, 41300, 41357). Males reaches maturity at ca. 62-74 cm TL, females at 70-100 cm TL; young hatch at 12-17 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
دورة الحياة وسلوك التزاوج
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | اليرقات
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Egg cases usually with only one egg (Ref. 6885).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
حالة القائمة الحمراء للاتحاد الدولي لحفظ الطبيعة والموارد الطبيعية (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
تنزيل XML
مصادر علي الأنترنت
تقديرات تستند إلى النماذج
درجة الحرارة المفضلة (مرجع
123201): 3.4 - 8.6, mean 5.8 °C (based on 252 cells).
مؤشر التنوع الشُعبي الوراثي (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00141 - 0.00645), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 3.9 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (Fec assumed to be <100).
Prior r = 0.11, 95% CL = 0.07 - 0.16, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
ضعف الصيد (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).
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المغذيات (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 4.71 [0.90, 24.47] mg/100g; Iron = 0.301 [0.072, 0.951] mg/100g; Protein = 16.5 [13.9, 19.1] %; Omega3 = 0.516 [0.128, 1.957] g/100g; Selenium = 17.9 [3.5, 101.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.52 [2.09, 43.20] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.236 [0.115, 0.439] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.