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Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758)

European whitefish
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Image of Coregonus lavaretus (European whitefish)
Coregonus lavaretus
Picture by Østergaard, T.

التصنيف / Names الأسماء الشائعة | مرادفات | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, الانواع) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Coregonus: Greek, kore = pupils of the eye + Greek, gonia = angle (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range البيئة

; المياه العذبة; مياه مخلوطة القاع; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 20 - ?; أسماك صاعدة (Ref. 51243). Temperate; 4°C - 16°C (Ref. 2059); 78°N - 41°N, 6°W - 85°E

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Europe: Native to Lake Bourget (France) and Geneva (Switzerland, France). Population of Lake Aiguebelette (France) apparently introduced, but a 'lavaret' had already been recorded from there in the 17th century (Ref. 59043). Other authors assume it to be a superspecies occurring in Great Britain and Alpine areas of Central Europe. Has been stocked into many other places in Europe outside its native range. There are many parallel and wrong scientific names for this species in use because of the problems in classifying the genus Coregonus (Ref. 7495). Asia: introduced to Iran (Ref. 39702).

Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر

Maturity: Lm 27.1, range 40 - ? cm
Max length : 73.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 40637); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 10.0 kg (Ref. 35388)

وصف مختصر مفاتيح التعريف | الوصف الخارجي | قياسات المظهر الخارجي

الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 3 - 5; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 9 - 12; شوكة شرجية: 3 - 5; أشعه شرجية لينه: 10 - 13. Mouth small with protruding upper jaw. Silvery body (Ref. 35388). Caudal fin with 19 soft rays (Ref. 40476).

أحياء     المصطلحات (على سبيل المثال epibenthic)

Gregarious lacustrine forms (Ref. 2163) and anadromous estuarine forms, rarely in full saltwater. Feeds on planktonic crustaceans, or larger benthic crustaceans in brackish water. Movement in water column as a function of zooplankton repartition (Ref. 2163). Spawns in gravel, near shore, in shallow water, in December (Ref. 59043). Likely to benefit from environmental regulations in France passed on 8/12/88 (Ref. 2163).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Spawning takes place at night.

المرجع الرئيسي Upload your references | مراجع | المنظم | المتعاونين

Wheeler, A., 1992. A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(suppl.A):1-37. (Ref. 5204)

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

خطر للأنسان

  Harmless





استخدامات بشرية

مصائد: تجاري; الأستزراع المائي: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
FAO - Aquaculture systems: الأنتاج; مصائد: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | البحر حولنا

مزيد من المعلومات

Trophic ecology
عناصر الغذاء
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
مفتريسات
Ecology
البيئة
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
الطول- الترددات
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Anatomy
Gill areas
دماغ
عظمة الأذن
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
نوع السباحة
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
أصوات الأسماك
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
جيني
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
ملامح تربية الأحياء المائية
سلالات
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
References
مراجع

أدوات

تقارير خاصة

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مصادر علي الأنترنت

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 5.8 - 12.5, mean 9.5 °C (based on 528 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00377 - 0.00529), b=3.20 (3.16 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref. 69278):  3.1   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref. 120179):  وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.3-0.7; tmax=8; Fecundity=3,800 - 169,800).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
فئة السعر (Ref. 80766):   High.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 20.4 [11.3, 32.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.335 [0.226, 0.476] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [17.4, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 1.06 [0.46, 2.79] g/100g; Selenium = 17.1 [8.9, 38.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.28 [2.85, 14.43] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.552 [0.447, 0.674] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.