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Arctoraja simoterus (Ishiyama, 1967)

Hokkaido skate
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Image of Arctoraja simoterus (Hokkaido skate)
No image available for this species;
drawing shows typical species in Arhynchobatidae.

klasifikasi / Names Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes(Marga, Jenis) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Ikan bertulang rawan (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Arhynchobatidae (Softnose skates)
Etymology: simoterus: Name probably derived from the comparative tense of the Greek σιμóς, meaning 'pug-nosed', referring to its rounded snout (Ref. 89865).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 96 - 540 m (Ref. 89865). Temperate

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Northwest Pacific: off northern Japan.

Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 101 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 89865)

deskripsi pendek Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik

This species is distinguished from all other members of the subgenus Arctoraja by having a complete row of dorsal thorns, narrow interdorsal space, high count of precaudal vertebrae, and COI haplotype. It is further distinguished from B. parmifera by its narrower interdorsal space 0.5-1.0% TL (vs. 1.0-3.9% TL), number of precaudal and caudal vertebrae 41 and 90 (vs. 32-40 and 82-89), tail thorns 22-28 (vs. 15-23), larger orbit 4.3-5.3% TL (vs. 2.6-4.8% TL), 3 postdorsal foramina slightly smaller posteriorly, posteriormost postventral foramina 4 times larger than preceding 6 foramina (vs. anterior- and posterior-most postdorsal and postventral foramina of the scapulacoracoid larger than 3 intervening foramina), distal projection of the ventral marginal directed distally (vs. distolaterally), ventral terminal lanceolate (vs. tear-drop shaped), dorsal and ventral marginals extending farther distally to distal tip of dorsal terminal 3 (vs. extending to about a quarter the length of dorsal terminal 2); from B. panthera by its narrow interdorsal space width (vs. 1.4-3.1% TL); anterior portion of body shorter and narrower (vs. longer and wider); tail shorter (vs. longer); posterior fontanelle narrowly elongate (vs. pear-shaped); internal carotid foramina widely separated (vs. foramina in a single median pit), foramen of scapulocoracoid all large (vs. anterior postdorsal foramen large, others much smaller), ventral terminal lanceolate (vs. tear-drop shaped); from the incompletely thorned B. smirnovi by its higher number of vertebrae 131 (vs. 118-127), more precaudal vertebrae 41 (vs. 31-38), smaller mouth size 8.1-9.1% TL (vs. 8.3-11.6% TL), neurocranium with 2 fontanelles (vs. 1), internal carotid foramina widely separated (vs. close together in a single pit), scapulocoracoid with 3 foramina, more posterior each slightly smaller (vs. 5 foramina, anterior- and posteriormost larger than three intermediates), and pelvic girdle with two obturator foramina widely spaced (vs. close together) (Ref. 89865).

Biologi     Daftar kata (contoh epibenthic)

Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 12.0 cm long and 9.0 cm wide (Ref. 41253).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs have horn-like projections on the shell (Ref. 205).

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator : McEachran, John | mitra

McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)


CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

  Harmless





penggunaan manusia

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

informasi lanjut

Trophic ecology
Bahan makanan
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Pemangsa
Ecology
Ekologi
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
ukuran frekuensi
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larva
Dinamika larva
Distribution
Negara-negara
Daerah-daerah FAO
Ecosystems
Kemunculan
Introduksi
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
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Otak
Otoliths
Physiology
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Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
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profil budidaya air
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References
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Sumber internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | semak peneliti ikan | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Marga, Jenis | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genom, Nukleotida | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: pergi, Cari | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 1 - 17.6, mean 11.8 °C (based on 33 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00253 - 0.01042), b=3.12 (2.95 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.9   ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Ref. 120179):  Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (61 of 100).