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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers) > Paradicichthyinae
Etymology: Symphorus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, physis = growth body form + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 20 - 100 m (Ref. 57178). Tropical; 32°N - 26°S, 98°E - 170°E (Ref. 55)
Western Pacific: Ryukyu Islands to the Indo-Australian Archipelago (Malay Peninsula to New Guinea and northern Australia).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9821); common length : 35.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9821); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 13.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 10; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 15 - 16; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 9.
Adults inhabit coral reefs, from shallow water to depths of at least 50 m. They occur singly. They feed mainly on fishes. Frequently ciguatoxic in certain areas. Sold in Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). It causes ciguatera poisoning in some areas. Banned for sale in Australia. (Ref. 90102)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
خطر للأنسان
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 4690)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.2 - 28.4, mean 27.4 °C (based on 477 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.00475 - 0.03046), b=3.03 (2.81 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.23).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 24 [14, 41] mg/100g; Iron = 0.517 [0.276, 0.828] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.3, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.135 [0.089, 0.205] g/100g; Selenium = 44.5 [27.0, 78.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 79.2 [29.1, 240.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.725 [0.518, 1.013] mg/100g (wet weight);
