分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes) >
Clariidae (Airbreathing catfishes)
Etymology: Clarias: Greek, chlaros = lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water.
More on author: Castelnau.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 11°S - 27°S
Africa: Quanza, Cunene, Okavango, Chobe, Lake Ngami, upper Zambezi (above Victoria Falls), Kafue, Lake Malawi, upper Lualaba, Luapula, Lakes Moero and Bangweulu, Pungwe, Buzi, Save, Limpopo, Incomati, lower Pongolo and lower Sabi/Lundi system (Ref. 248). Also reported from the lower Shire (Ref. 7248, 52193)
非洲: 發現於寬扎河，庫內內河，奧塔萬戈河， Chobe ，那米湖，尚比西河上游 (上方維多利亞秋天) ，馬拉威湖，盧阿拉巴河， Luapula ，湖 Moero 與 Bangweulu ， Pungwe ， Buzi ，救援，凌波波河上游， Incomati ，澎哥洛河下游與 Sabi ， Lundi 系統下游了。 也已知來自 Kafue ，尚比亞剛果，雪利河下游 (參考文獻 7248)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 73.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 52193); 最大体重: 4.0 kg (Ref. 52193)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 56 - 62; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 50 - 58; 脊椎骨: 56 - 60. Diagnosis: Characterized by a relatively long vomerine tooth plate (5.9-14.4% of head length) and by a relatively short adipose fin (5.9-12.5% of standard length), the length of which is a specific character of Clarias ngamensis; head oval to rectangular in dorsal outline; frontal fontanelle long and narrow (`knife-shaped'); occipital fontanelle small and oval-shaped; pectoral spine robust and slightly curved; the suprabranchial organ consists of well developed arborescent structures (Ref. 248). It is distinguished from Clarias gariepinus by having a short adipose fin behind the rayed dorsal and an ovoid vomerine toothplate with granular or blunt teeth (Ref. 52193).
特徵为一个相当长的犁骨齿碟 (5.9-14.4% HL) 与被一个相当短脂鳍 (5.9-12.5% SL), 长度是一个 C. ngamensis 的特定特徵. 头部椭圆形到矩形的在背部的轮廓中; 额骨囱门长而狭窄的;(刀状的') 后头骨囱门小而椭圆形的。 胸棘结实的而且些微地弯曲。 鳃前器官由发展良好的树枝状的结构组成。
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); The species seems to be nowhere especially abundant but is fairly common in some areas such as weed beds, permanent swamps, quieter waters and muddy bottoms (Ref. 248, 5595). Prefers vegetated habitats. Feeding habits overlap considerably with the sharptooth catfish. Important foods are mollusks, terrestrial and aquatic insects, insect larvae, shrimps, grain, crabs and fish (Ref. 4967, 78218). Feeds on snails (Ref. 5595). Hard-shelled foods such as mussels are crushed before they are swallowed. Breeds during the summer rainy season. May live for 5-6 years (Ref. 7248). Also caught with drawnets (Ref. 4967).
也用拖网捕获。 (参考文献 4967) 在沼泽的区域中生活在泥底部上。 吃蜗牛。 (参考文献 5595) 偏爱长满植物的栖息地。 非常地和 sharptooth 鲶鱼进食习惯重叠。 重要的食物是软件动物，陆生与水生昆虫，虾，螃蟹与鱼。 具有硬壳的食物在他们被吞之前，例如贻贝被粉碎。 在夏天雨季期间进行繁殖。 可以活到 5-6 数年。 (参考文献 7248)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Breeding is reportedly flood dependent and similar to that of C. gariepinus.非洲: 發現於寬扎河，庫內內河，奧塔萬戈河， Chobe ，那米湖，尚比西河上游 (上方維多利亞秋天) ，馬拉威湖，盧阿拉巴河， Luapula ，湖 Moero 與 Bangweulu ， Pungwe ， Buzi ，救援，凌波波河上游， Incomati ，澎哥洛河下游與 Sabi ， Lundi 系統下游了。 也已知來自 Kafue ，尚比亞剛果，雪利河下游 (參考文獻 7248)
Teugels, G.G., 1986. A systematic revision of the African species of the genus Clarias (Pisces; Clariidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 247:199 p. (Ref. 248)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00389 - 0.01479), b=2.99 (2.82 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.22-0.41).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.1 [14.5, 133.1] mg/100g; Iron = 1.04 [0.62, 1.87] mg/100g; Protein = 17.2 [16.1, 18.2] %; Omega3 = 0.137 [0.066, 0.309] g/100g; Selenium = 90.7 [37.8, 217.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.2 [5.6, 41.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.547 [0.403, 0.741] mg/100g (wet weight);
