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俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes)
鯰形目 (Catfishes) >
Clariidae (Airbreathing catfishes)
塘蝨魚科 (Airbreathing catfishes)
Etymology: Clarias: Greek, chlaros = lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water.
More on author: Castelnau.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 11°S - 27°S
Africa: Quanza, Cunene, Okavango, Chobe, Lake Ngami, upper Zambezi (above Victoria Falls), Kafue, Lake Malawi, upper Lualaba, Luapula, Lakes Moero and Bangweulu, Pungwe, Buzi, Save, Limpopo, Incomati, lower Pongolo and lower Sabi/Lundi system (Ref. 248). Also reported from the lower Shire (Ref. 7248, 52193)
非洲: 發現於寬扎河，庫內內河，奧塔萬戈河， Chobe ，那米湖，尚比西河上游 (上方維多利亞秋天) ，馬拉威湖，盧阿拉巴河， Luapula ，湖 Moero 與 Bangweulu ， Pungwe ， Buzi ，救援，凌波波河上游， Incomati ，澎哥洛河下游與 Sabi ， Lundi 系統下游了。 也已知來自 Kafue ，尚比亞剛果，雪利河下游 (參考文獻 7248)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 73.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 52193); 最大體重: 4.0 kg (Ref. 52193)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 56 - 62; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 50 - 58; 脊椎骨: 56 - 60. Diagnosis: Characterized by a relatively long vomerine tooth plate (5.9-14.4% of head length) and by a relatively short adipose fin (5.9-12.5% of standard length), the length of which is a specific character of Clarias ngamensis; head oval to rectangular in dorsal outline; frontal fontanelle long and narrow (`knife-shaped'); occipital fontanelle small and oval-shaped; pectoral spine robust and slightly curved; the suprabranchial organ consists of well developed arborescent structures (Ref. 248). It is distinguished from Clarias gariepinus by having a short adipose fin behind the rayed dorsal and an ovoid vomerine toothplate with granular or blunt teeth (Ref. 52193).
特徵為一個相當長的犛骨齒碟 (5.9-14.4% HL) 與被一個相當短脂鰭 (5.9-12.5% SL), 長度是一個 C. ngamensis 的特定特徵. 頭部橢圓形到矩形的在背部的輪廓中; 額骨囪門長而狹窄的;(刀狀的') 後頭骨囪門小而橢圓形的。 胸棘結實的而且些微地彎曲。 鰓前器官由發展良好的樹枝狀的結構組成。
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); The species seems to be nowhere especially abundant but is fairly common in some areas such as weed beds, permanent swamps, quieter waters and muddy bottoms (Ref. 248, 5595). Prefers vegetated habitats. Feeding habits overlap considerably with the sharptooth catfish. Important foods are mollusks, terrestrial and aquatic insects, insect larvae, shrimps, grain, crabs and fish (Ref. 4967, 78218). Feeds on snails (Ref. 5595). Hard-shelled foods such as mussels are crushed before they are swallowed. Breeds during the summer rainy season. May live for 5-6 years (Ref. 7248). Also caught with drawnets (Ref. 4967).
也用拖網捕獲。 (參考文獻 4967) 在沼澤的區域中生活在泥底部上。 吃蝸牛。 (參考文獻 5595) 偏愛長滿植物的棲息地。 非常地和 sharptooth 鯰魚進食習慣重疊。 重要的食物是軟體動物，陸生與水生昆蟲，蝦，螃蟹與魚。 具有硬殼的食物在他們被吞之前，例如貽貝被粉碎。 在夏天雨季期間進行繁殖。 可以活到 5-6 數年。 (參考文獻 7248)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Breeding is reportedly flood dependent and similar to that of C. gariepinus.非洲: 發現於寬扎河，庫內內河，奧塔萬戈河， Chobe ，那米湖，尚比西河上游 (上方維多利亞秋天) ，馬拉威湖，盧阿拉巴河， Luapula ，湖 Moero 與 Bangweulu ， Pungwe ， Buzi ，救援，凌波波河上游， Incomati ，澎哥洛河下游與 Sabi ， Lundi 系統下游了。 也已知來自 Kafue ，尚比亞剛果，雪利河下游 (參考文獻 7248)
Teugels, G.G., 1986. A systematic revision of the African species of the genus Clarias (Pisces; Clariidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 247:199 p. (Ref. 248)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00389 - 0.01479), b=2.99 (2.82 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.22-0.41).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.1 [14.5, 133.1] mg/100g; Iron = 1.04 [0.62, 1.87] mg/100g; Protein = 17.2 [16.1, 18.2] %; Omega3 = 0.137 [0.066, 0.309] g/100g; Selenium = 90.7 [37.8, 217.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.2 [5.6, 41.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.547 [0.403, 0.741] mg/100g (wet weight);
