Elasmobranchii (hajar och rockor) (sharks and rays) >
Torpediniformes (Electric rays) >
Torpedinidae (Electric rays)
Etymology: Torpedo: Latin, torpere = be sluggish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 2 - 400 m (Ref. 4430), usually ? - 70 m (Ref. 27000). Deep-water; 48°N - 18°S, 19°W - 38°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Atlantic: southern Bay of Biscay and throughout the Mediterranean to Angola. Most common in tropical waters.
Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 13417); 41.0 cm TL (female); common length : 30.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 13417); common length :39 cm TL (female)
Found on soft bottoms, usually inshore but occasionally deeper. Feeds on small fishes and also benthic invertebrates. Ovoviviparous, with 3-21 in a litter (Ref. 12951, Ref. 114953). Size at birth 9 cm (Ref. 12951). Capable of inflicting a severe shock of up to 200 volts.
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Raies et autres batoides. p. 845-886. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identificationpour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Mèditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3261)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: saknar intresse; Akvarium: Offentliga akvarier
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 13 - 20.9, mean 15.6 °C (based on 78 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.01193 - 0.02010), b=2.95 (2.87 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 10.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (K=0.11).
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (65 of 100).
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Näringsämnen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 9.24 [1.57, 48.04] mg/100g; Iron = 0.362 [0.085, 1.136] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [12.8, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.419 [0.157, 0.972] g/100g; Selenium = 9.34 [2.94, 27.66] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20 [4, 94] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.311 [0.151, 0.581] mg/100g (wet weight);