You can sponsor this page

Torpedo torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758)

Common torpedo
Waarneming toevoegen in Fish Watcher
Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Torpedo torpedo   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
Uploaden van uw Foto's en video's
 Pictures | Videos | Google afbeelding
Image of Torpedo torpedo (Common torpedo)
Torpedo torpedo
Picture by Wirtz, P.

Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (haaien en roggen) (sharks and rays) > Torpediniformes (Electric rays) > Torpedinidae (Electric rays)
Etymology: Torpedo: Latin, torpere = be sluggish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien demersaal; diepte 2 - 400 m (Ref. 4430), usually ? - 70 m (Ref. 27000). Deep-water; 48°N - 18°S, 19°W - 38°E (Ref. 114953)

Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Point map | Introducties | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: southern Bay of Biscay and throughout the Mediterranean to Angola. Most common in tropical waters.

Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 13417); 41.0 cm TL (female); common length : 30.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 13417); common length :39 cm TL (female)

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Found on soft bottoms, usually inshore but occasionally deeper. Feeds on small fishes and also benthic invertebrates. Ovoviviparous, with 3-21 in a litter (Ref. 12951, Ref. 114953). Size at birth 9 cm (Ref. 12951). Capable of inflicting a severe shock of up to 200 volts.

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator : Carvalho, Marcelo | Medewerkers

Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Raies et autres batoides. p. 845-886. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identificationpour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Mèditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3261)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Kwetsbaar, zie IUCN Rode Lijst (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 04 August 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Other (Ref. 4690)





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van geen belang; Aquarium: Publieke aquaria
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

Meer informatie

Trophic ecology
Voedselitems
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predatoren
Ecology
Ecologie
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Lengtefrequenties
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
Voortplanting
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larven
Larvale populatiedynamiek
Distribution
Landen
FAO regio's
Ecosystemen
Voorkomen
Introducties
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill areas
Hersenen
Otolieten
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Zwemtype
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Visgeluiden
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetica
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquacultuurprofielen
Kweeklijnen
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
Medewerkers
Taxonomy
Lokale namen
Synoniemen
Morfologie
Morfometrie
Afbeeldingen
References
Referenties

Tools

E-boek | Veldgids | Lengtefrequentie Tool | Levenscyclus tool | Verspreidingskaart | Classification Tree | Catch-MSY |

Speciale rapporten

Bekijk gegevens voor het houden in een aquarium | Bekijk Fact Sheets voor de soort | Bekijk Aquacultuur Fact Sheets

Download XML

Overzichtspagina | Puntgegevens | Lokale namen | Foto's

Internetbronnen

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Bekijk FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genus, Soort(en) | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genoom, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Nationale databanken | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Publieke aquaria | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: ga naar, zoek | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 13 - 20.9, mean 15.6 °C (based on 78 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5005   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.01155 - 0.01983), b=2.95 (2.87 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 10.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (K=0.11).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (65 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 9.24 [1.57, 48.04] mg/100g; Iron = 0.362 [0.085, 1.136] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [12.8, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.419 [0.157, 0.972] g/100g; Selenium = 9.34 [2.94, 27.66] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20 [4, 94] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.311 [0.151, 0.581] mg/100g (wet weight);