分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers)
裸頰鯛科 (Emperors or scavengers) > Lethrininae
Etymology: Lethrinus: Greek, lethrinia, a fish pertaining to genus Pagellus.
More on author: Klunzinger.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 0 - 150 m (Ref. 2295). 熱帶; 31°N - 28°S, 30°E - 134°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea, East Africa and the central Indian Ocean to the Marquesas Islands, north to the Ryukyu Islands.
印度-太平洋: 紅海，東非，印度洋中部與印尼到琉球群島, 加羅林群島，新加勒多尼亞，萬那度與到馬可薩斯島。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 59.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 37816); 最大體重: 5.4 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數) : 10; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body moderately elongate, its depth 2.8-3.5 times in standard length; head length 1-1.2 times in body depth, 2.6-3 times in SL, dorsal profile near eye convex; snout length about 1.7-2.5 times in HL, measured without the lip the snout is 0.8-0.9 times in cheek height, its dorsal profile nearly straight, snout angle relative to upper jaw between 45° and 60°; interorbital space distinctly concave; posterior nostril a longitudinal or vertical oblong opening, closer to orbit than anterior nostril; eye situated close to dorsal profile, its length 2.8-5.1 times in HL; cheek height 2.3-3.4 times in HL; lateral teeth in jaws conical; outer surface of maxilla smooth; D X, 9 with the third dorsal-fin spine the longest, its length 2-2.8 times in body depth; A III, 8 with the first soft ray usually the longest, its length approximately equal to or shorter than length of base of soft-rayed portion of anal fin and 1.3-1.7 times in length of entire anal-fin base; pectoral-fin rays 13; pelvic-fin membranes between rays closest to body with dense melanophores; cheek without scales; 47-48 lateral-line scales; 4 ½ scale rows between lateral line and base of middle dorsal-fin spines; 15-16 scale rows in transverse series between origin of anal fin and lateral line; usually 15 rows in lower series of scales around caudal peduncle; 5-8 scales in supratemporal patch; inner surface of pectoral fins without scales; posterior angle of operculum fully scaly. Colour of body yellowish grey with scattered irregular dark spots; lips yellowish, upper lip more intense; a red spot at upper base of pectoral fins; fins bluish grey and mottled, bases of fins lighter and edges of dorsal and caudal fins reddish (Ref. 114226).
身體是黃灰色的有分散的不規則的深色斑點; 唇淡黃色的, 上嘴唇更密集; 在胸鰭的上面基底的一個紅色的斑點。 鰭是藍灰色而有斑點的,鰭的基底是顏色淡的，而且背鰭與尾鰭的邊緣是淡紅的。
Occurs in small groups over seagrass beds, sand and rubble areas of coral reefs, deep channels, and lagoons. Usually found in shallow water to depths of 150 m. Usually seen solitary but sometimes swims in small groups. Juveniles in seagrass beds (Ref. 48635). Feeds mainly on crustaceans, fishes, and echinoderms. Caught mostly with handline, traps,
and trawl (Ref. 114226). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
形成小群魚群海草床之上，珊瑚礁，深的峽道與潟湖的沙子與碎石區。 通常發現於淺水區。 通常單獨的被看到但是有時群游於小群魚群中。 稚魚在海草床。 (參考文獻 48635) 主要吃甲殼動物，魚與棘皮動物。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 紅海，東非，印度洋中部與印尼到琉球群島, 加羅林群島，新加勒多尼亞，萬那度與到馬可薩斯島。
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29, mean 27.9 °C (based on 1520 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.01034 - 0.02321), b=2.96 (2.84 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.14-0.30).
Prior r = 0.33, 95% CL = 0.22 - 0.49, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (57 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (76 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.6 [21.9, 41.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.718 [0.493, 0.992] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [17.5, 22.3] %; Omega3 = 0.133 [0.100, 0.174] g/100g; Selenium = 55.2 [30.8, 81.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.6 [6.3, 148.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.88 [1.47, 2.31] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
