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Gadiformes (Cods) >
Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βαθύβιο(ς); μη μεταναστευτικό(ά); εύρος βάθους 200 - 1000 m (Ref. 6605), usually 400 - ? m (Ref. 58452). Deep-water; 17°S - 38°S, 10°E - 48°E (Ref. 58452)
Southeast Atlantic: Cape Frio, Namibia south to the Agulhas Bank and east to East London in South Africa. Western Indian Ocean: Madagascar Ridge (33°S,44°E).
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm 47.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 115 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 27121); common length : 60.0 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 1371)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 1; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 42 - 50; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 38 - 41. Body more slender than other hakes. Head large, about 25 to 30% of SL. Gill rakers short and thick with blunt tips. Pectoral fin tips reaching to level of anal fin origin. Color is steel gray on back, grading to silvery white ventrally.
Found near the bottom. Feeds on fishes, mysids, euphausiids and squids. Young feed mainly on euphausiids, but the diet becomes polyphagous with growth. Cannibalism has been observed in larger individuals (Ref. 9583).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: πολύ εμπορικό
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.2 - 12, mean 7.5 °C (based on 17 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00525 (0.00348 - 0.00791), b=3.09 (2.96 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 4.9 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (K=0.09-0.12).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (65 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (55 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 7.36 [3.59, 25.05] mg/100g; Iron = 0.274 [0.058, 0.735] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [16.1, 18.5] %; Omega3 = 0.146 [0.078, 0.273] g/100g; Selenium = 28 [13, 66] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.7 [2.4, 55.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.186 [0.127, 0.288] mg/100g (wet weight);
