分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers)
笛鯛科 (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 10 - 400 m (Ref. 9626), usually 21 - 70 m (Ref. 9626). 亞熱帶的; 38°N - 38°S, 98°W - 31°W (Ref. 55253)
Western Atlantic: Bermuda (Anderson, pers. comm.) and North Carolina, USA to southeastern Brazil, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea (Ref. 9626). Most abundant around the Antilles, on the Campeche Bank, off Panama and the northern coast of South America. Lutjanus ambiguus (Poey, 1860), an intergeneric hybrid with Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch) as demonstrated by Loftus (1992: Ref. 33006), followed by McEachran &. Fechhelm (2005: Ref. 78464).
西大西洋: 百慕達群島 (安德遜， pers. comm.) 而且美國北卡羅萊那州到巴西東南方, 包括墨西哥灣與加勒比海.(參考文獻 9626) 最豐富的安地列斯群島的周圍, 在 Campeche 堤岸, 外海的巴拿馬與南美洲的北海岸上。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 23.4, range 16 - 21.5 cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55); 最大體重: 3.5 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 10 年 (Ref. 3090)
背棘 (總數) : 10; 背的軟條 (總數) : 12 - 13; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 9. Preopercular notch and knob weak. Pectoral fins short, not reaching level of anus. Scale rows on back rising obliquely above lateral line. Back and upper side pink to reddish, with a green tinge and diffused darker vertical bars. The lower sides and belly silvery with a yellow tinge. A series of 8 - 10 horizontal yellow or golden stripes on sides. A diffused black spot mainly above the lateral line and below the anterior portion of the soft dorsal-fin rays.
前鰓蓋骨凹槽與癤瘤弱的。 胸鰭短, 不達到肛門高度。 鱗片列背面斜向上升在側線上面。 背面與上側面粉紅色到淡紅的, 具有一個綠色的淡色而且擴散較黑的縱帶。 下面的側邊與腹面銀色的有一個淡黃的色彩。 一系列的 8- 在側邊上的 10條水平的黃色或金的斑紋。 一個擴散的黑色斑點主要在側線以下軟背鰭鰭條的前部上面。
Adults are found over all types of bottom, but mainly around coral reefs and on vegetated sandy areas. In turbid as well as clear water (Ref. 9710). They often form large aggregations, especially during the breeding season. Feed at night on small fishes, bottom-living crabs, shrimps, worms, gastropods and cephalopods. Good food fish, it is marketed fresh.
發現在所有類型的底部上了, 但是主要地珊瑚礁的周圍與在長滿植物的沙地上。 在混濁的以及清澈的水域.(參考文獻 9710) 時常形成大的群集, 尤其在繁殖季節時。 晚上捕食小魚，底棲螃蟹，蝦，蠕蟲，腹足動物與頭足類動物。 好食用魚, 它是生鮮銷售。
Often form large aggregations, especially during the breeding season.西大西洋: 百慕達群島 (安德遜， pers. comm.) 而且美國北卡羅萊那州到巴西東南方, 包括墨西哥灣與加勒比海.(參考文獻 9626) 最豐富的安地列斯群島的周圍, 在 Campeche 堤岸, 外海的巴拿馬與南美洲的北海岸上。
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.7 - 27.5, mean 24.7 °C (based on 260 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.01361 - 0.01683), b=2.96 (2.94 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.0 (4.3 - 5.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 26
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.13-0.26; tm=2; tmax=10).
Prior r = 0.87, 95% CL = 0.57 - 1.30, Based on 6 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.2 [9.6, 27.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.312 [0.183, 0.527] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.6, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.23 [0.14, 0.37] g/100g; Selenium = 43.6 [23.5, 75.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 70.1 [12.9, 318.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.272 [0.198, 0.406] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
