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Hippocampus hippocampus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Short snouted seahorse
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Hippocampus hippocampus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Классификация / Names народные названия | синонимы | Catalog of Fishes(род, виды) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Syngnathiformes (Pipefishes and seahorses) > Syngnathidae (Pipefishes and seahorses) > Syngnathinae
Etymology: Hippocampus: Greek, ippos = horse + Greek,kampe = curvature (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range экология

морской демерсальный; немигрирующий; пределы глубины 0 - 60 m (Ref. 52034). Subtropical; 53°N - 7°N, 32°W - 42°E

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Eastern Atlantic: British Isles to Guinea and the Mediterranean Sea

Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст

Maturity: Lm 7.7  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 6733)

Краткое описание определительные ключи | морфология | морфометрия

колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 16 - 19. Description (based on 35 specimens): Adult height: 7.0-13.0cm. Rings: 11 + 37 (35-38). Snout length: 3.0 (2.8-3.4) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 17 (16-19) covering 2+1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 14 (13-15). Coronet: narrow, ridge-like and joined smoothly to nape of neck, or wedge-shaped (front narrow, back high and broad); some specimens with very large angular coronet (especially specimens from West Africa). Spines: low, very low in adults. Other distinctive characters: very short snout (usually less than 1/3 head length) that is slightly upward-bent; prominent eye spine. Color pattern: mottled brown to yellow, to maroon and rust (Refs. 52034, 89230); also orange, purple or black; sometimes with tiny white dots, but these do not coalesce into thick horizontal wavy lines as in H. guttulatus.

биология     глоссарий (например epibenthic)

Inhabits dense, complex habitats as well as patchy, relatively open and sparse habitats of coastal areas. Found on soft bottoms amongst rocks and algae (Ref. 6733), on sparsely vegetated areas, and in coastal lagoons with strong oceanic influences (Refs. 52034, 89230). Mimics the green or yellow coloration of plants allowing it to hide among the vegetation. This ability likely plays a role in seahorse feeding strategy and in predator avoidance (Ref. 52034). Makes limited daily movements within very restricted home ranges (0.7-18.1 m2) (Refs. 52034, 89256). May over-winter in deeper water. (Ref. 53712). Adult dispersal over large distances is probably caused by strong wave action during storms or when it anchors itself to floating debris (Ref. 52034). Is thought to live for 3-5 years (Ref. 52034). Because of its short generation time and multiple breeding cycles during each spawning season, resilience is thought to be high. However, in tropical areas where seagrass beds are regularly exploited for other species of seahorses for the aquarium trade, traditional medicine, etc., populations have been quickly eradicated (Ref. 89253). Feeds on small prey and organic debris. Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35416). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128812.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | размножение | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | личинки

Ovoviviparous, with the female depositing eggs into the male brood pouch. During the mating season, mature males and females have been observed to change hue, i.e., become brighter, when greeting, courting, or mating (Ref. 88171). Newly hatched young are thought to have a planktonic stage that lasts at least eight weeks (Refs. 47822, 52034).

Основная ссылка Upload your references | ссылки | координатор | соавторы

Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster, 2016. A global revision of the seahorses Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66. (Ref. 115213)

Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)

  Нехватка данных (DD) ; Date assessed: 15 March 2017

CITES


CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Угроза для людей

  Harmless





Использование человеком

рыболовство: не имеет хозяйственного значения; аквариум: выставочный аквариум
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дополнительная информация

Trophic ecology
пищевые объекты
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
хищники
Population dynamics
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Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Размерный состав
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
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Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
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Distribution
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Otoliths
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Swimming type
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Visual pigment(s)
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Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 10.9 - 26.5, mean 17.8 °C (based on 304 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00282 (0.00163 - 0.00487), b=2.96 (2.80 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.2   ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref. 120179):  высокий, минимальное время удвоения популяции до 15 месяцев (tm=0.3-0.4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Категория цены (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 191 [40, 725] mg/100g; Iron = 2.42 [0.86, 8.49] mg/100g; Protein = 3.35 [0.00, 7.22] %; Omega3 = 0.283 [0.105, 0.775] g/100g; Selenium = 31.1 [6.5, 111.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.88 [1.39, 24.14] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.46 [0.69, 2.95] mg/100g (wet weight);