Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; نطاق العمق 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189). Tropical; 28°N - 5°S, 111°W - 77°W (Ref. 189)
Eastern Pacific: southern half of Gulf of California to Ecuador, excluding the Galapagos Islands.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.5 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 96339); common length : 8.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 55763)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 14 - 17. Body fairly elongate. Snout long, about equal to eye diameter; maxilla moderate, tip rather bluntly pointed, reaching onto inter-operculum, but not to edge of gill cover; gill cover canals of panamensis-type. Anal fin very short, its origin below or behind last dorsal fin ray base. A silver stripe along flank, about 3/4 eye diameter.
A schooling species found in coastal waters. Caught over sand or gravel in the Gulf of Nicoya but not in inner parts of the Gulf. May spawn over a protracted period in Gulf of Nicoya. The eggs are oval. TL = 1.25 SL.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
May spawn over a protracted period in Gulf of Nicoya (Ref. 189). Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: مصائد تستهلك محلينا
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.9 - 28.5, mean 26.6 °C (based on 46 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00232 - 0.01135), b=3.14 (2.96 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
المرونه (Ref.
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 338 [181, 810] mg/100g; Iron = 2.18 [1.13, 4.02] mg/100g; Protein = 16.9 [14.6, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.303 [0.148, 0.631] g/100g; Selenium = 43.8 [18.8, 102.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 30.5 [7.8, 99.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.85 [1.24, 2.75] mg/100g (wet weight);