Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
; zoet water; brak water pelagisch. Subtropical; 10°N - 35°S
South America: Argentina (Rio de la Plata down to Buenos Aires, Rio Paraná), Uruguay (Rio Uruguay), Brazil (Rio Tapajoz, Amazon as far up as Rio Jurua and down probably to mouth), the Guianas (Surinam, Guyana), Venezuela and Colombia (Orinoco from Rio Manacacias at Puerto Gaitan to Orinoco mouth). Reported from French Guiana (Ref. 27233).
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 73.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 5217); common length : 45.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 5217)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 0; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 38 - 46. Belly with 20 to 24 + 12 to 14, total 32 to 37 scutes. Lower jaw projecting; upper jaw with a toothed hypo-maxillary bone between hind tip of pre-maxilla and lower bulge of maxilla blade; lower gill rakers 23 to 31 (in fishes of 10 to 50 cm standard length, with the lower numbers in larger fishes). Pelvic fins with distinct axillary scale; anal fin origin under dorsal fin base.
Riverine, apparently not entering the sea, although presumably tolerating some salinity at river mouths. Not clearly distinguished from P. castelnaeana in the past, so that previous biological or fishery data may apply to either species. Flesh considered low quality (Ref. 5217). Seldom captured in the lower reaches of rivers (Ref. 27188).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: visserij voor eigen gebruik
Tools
Speciale rapporten
Download XML
Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00495 - 0.01335), b=3.02 (2.88 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
