分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 大洋性. 亞熱帶的; 10°N - 35°S
South America: Argentina (Rio de la Plata down to Buenos Aires, Rio Paraná), Uruguay (Rio Uruguay), Brazil (Rio Tapajoz, Amazon as far up as Rio Jurua and down probably to mouth), the Guianas (Surinam, Guyana), Venezuela and Colombia (Orinoco from Rio Manacacias at Puerto Gaitan to Orinoco mouth). Reported from French Guiana (Ref. 27233).
南美洲: 阿根廷 (拉布拉塔河向下至布宜諾斯艾利斯, Rio Parana), 烏拉圭 (Rio 烏拉圭) 巴西 (Rio Tapajoz, 亞馬遜河向上遠達 Rio Jurua 與下來可能對嘴), 圭亞那 (蘇利南, 蓋亞那) ，委內瑞拉與哥倫比亞 (從在 Puerto Gaitan 的 Rio Manacacias 到奧里諾科河嘴的奧里諾科河). 記錄來自法屬圭亞那了。 (參考文獻 27233)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 73.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 38 - 46. Belly with 20 to 24 + 12 to 14, total 32 to 37 scutes. Lower jaw projecting; upper jaw with a toothed hypo-maxillary bone between hind tip of pre-maxilla and lower bulge of maxilla blade; lower gill rakers 23 to 31 (in fishes of 10 to 50 cm standard length, with the lower numbers in larger fishes). Pelvic fins with distinct axillary scale; anal fin origin under dorsal fin base.
腹面有 20 到 24+12 到 14, 總數 32 到 37個鱗甲。 下頜突出的; 上頜有在前顎骨與顎骨葉片的低凸起的後部頂端之間的一個有齒的皮下注射-上頜骨的硬骨; 下鰓耙 23 到 31.(在 10 到 50 公分標準長度的魚中, 在較大的魚中有下面的數字) 腹鰭有明顯的腋窩鱗片; 在背鰭基底下面的臀鰭起源。
Riverine, apparently not entering the sea, although presumably tolerating some salinity at river mouths. Not clearly distinguished from P. castelnaeana in the past, so that previous biological or fishery data may apply to either species. Flesh considered low quality (Ref. 5217). Seldom captured in the lower reaches of rivers (Ref. 27188).
河的, 顯然地不進入海洋, 雖然可能在河口容忍一些鹽度。 不清楚地與 P. castelnaeana 區分了在以前, 所以先前的生物或漁業的資料可能適用於任一種。 肉被認為是品質很低.(參考文獻 5217) 很少在河的下面範圍方面捕獲。 (參考文獻 27188)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
南美洲: 阿根廷 (拉布拉塔河向下至布宜諾斯艾利斯, Rio Parana), 烏拉圭 (Rio 烏拉圭) 巴西 (Rio Tapajoz, 亞馬遜河向上遠達 Rio Jurua 與下來可能對嘴), 圭亞那 (蘇利南, 蓋亞那) ，委內瑞拉與哥倫比亞 (從在 Puerto Gaitan 的 Rio Manacacias 到奧里諾科河嘴的奧里諾科河). 記錄來自法屬圭亞那了。 (參考文獻 27233)
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 06 March 2017
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00495 - 0.01335), b=3.02 (2.88 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
