分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 100 - ? m (Ref. 114953). 亞熱帶的; 37°N - 20°N, 114°E - 139°E (Ref. 114953)
Northwest Pacific: southern Japan to the South China Sea near Hong Kong, including Taiwan.
西北太平洋: 日本南部到靠近香港的南中國海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 35 - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12951)
Occurs inshore and offshore (Ref. 9913, 11230). Found on sand, often near rocky reefs (Ref. 12951). Biology little known (Ref. 9913), but locally common in Taiwan and Japan (Ref. 114953). Produces 4-6 pups per litter. Maturity size of males known at 25 cm TL. Not utilized for food. Capable of producing a moderate shock to humans (Ref. 114953). Does not do well in aquariums (Ref. 12951).
生活於近海與外海.(參考文獻 9913,11230) 棲息於沙子了, 時常鄰近岩礁.(參考文獻 12951) 生物學特性知道的很少.(參考文獻 9913) 養得不好在水族館。 (參考文獻 12951)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Ovoviviparous. Up to 5 in a litter (Ref. 12951).西北太平洋: 日本南部到靠近香港的南中國海。
Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last, 1999. Narkidae. Sleeper rays. p. 1443-1446. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9913)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.5 - 28.9, mean 26.8 °C (based on 559 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6252 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
