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Southwest Atlantic: from northern Argentina to southern Brazil.
প্রথম পরিপক্কতার সময় দৈর্ঘ্য / আকৃতি / ওজন / বয়স
পরিপক্কতা : Lm46.4 range ? - ? cm Max length : 53.4 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 115173); 59.3 cm TL (female); common length : 50.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 6077); সবের্াচ্চ প্রকাশিত ওজন : 758.00 g (Ref. ); সবের্াচ্চ প্রকাশিত ওজন : 758.00 g
Obtuse snout, broader heart shaped disc. Olive to brownish gray above, without definite markings, dorsal and caudal darker than general ground tint, margins of pectoral and pelvic fins paler. Lower surface grayish or yellowish white, posterior corners of pectoral fins and tips of pelvic fins more or less dusky (Ref. 6902). Body shape (shape guide): other.
This benthic inshore species is found over soft bottoms to at least 50 m; feeds on benthic crustaceans and polychaetes. Gestation last about a year, produces litters of 1-8 pups in autumn (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Maturity size for males at 43-45 cm TL, females at 42-48 cm TL; birth size at 13-16 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
আইইউসিএন রেড লিস্টের অবস্থা (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ফাইলোজেনেটিক বৈচিত্র্য সূচক (সূত্র 82804): PD50 = 0.6289 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00308 - 0.01235), b=2.96 (2.77 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (সূত্র 69278): 3.5 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
স্থিতিস্থাপক (সূত্র 120179): নিম্ন/ , সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ৪.৪-১৪ বৎসর (Fec assumed to be <100).
মাছ ধরার ঝুঁকিপূর্ণতা (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100). 🛈
