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Southwest Atlantic: from northern Argentina to southern Brazil.
الطول عند النضج الأول / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm46.4 range ? - ? cm Max length : 53.4 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 115173); 59.3 cm TL (female); common length : 50.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 6077); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 758.00 g (Ref. ); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 758.00 g
Obtuse snout, broader heart shaped disc. Olive to brownish gray above, without definite markings, dorsal and caudal darker than general ground tint, margins of pectoral and pelvic fins paler. Lower surface grayish or yellowish white, posterior corners of pectoral fins and tips of pelvic fins more or less dusky (Ref. 6902). Body shape (shape guide): other.
This benthic inshore species is found over soft bottoms to at least 50 m; feeds on benthic crustaceans and polychaetes. Gestation last about a year, produces litters of 1-8 pups in autumn (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Maturity size for males at 43-45 cm TL, females at 42-48 cm TL; birth size at 13-16 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
حالة القائمة الحمراء للاتحاد الدولي لحفظ الطبيعة والموارد الطبيعية (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
مؤشر التنوع الشُعبي الوراثي (مرجع 82804): PD50 = 0.6289 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00308 - 0.01235), b=2.96 (2.77 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع 69278): 3.5 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
المرونه (مرجع 120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (Fec assumed to be <100).
ضعف الصيد (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100). 🛈
