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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Albert Jefferson Woolman (1861–1918) was a science teacher in Duluth, Minnesota. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Jordan & Williams.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser; brackwasser demersal; tiefenbereich ? - 25 m (Ref. 55763). Tropical; 32°N -

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Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands.

Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 2272); common length : 50.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 9330)

Adults are found in estuaries and up to 22 m depth (Ref. 9330), on sand or mud bottoms (Ref. 11482), common in some zones (Ref. 9330). They feed on fish (Ref. 28023). Marketed fresh or frozen (Ref. 9330).

Life cycle and mating behavior Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven

Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).

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Hensley, D.A., 1995. Paralichthyidae. Lenguados. p. 1349-1380. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9330)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

Daten mangelhaft (DD) ; Date assessed: 25 May 2007

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

Harmless

Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: kommerziell; Aquakultur: experimental

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 20.2 - 29.1, mean 24.3 °C (based on 232 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00289 - 0.01442), b=3.17 (2.99 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.

Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (Fec=220,000).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).

Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Paralichthys woolmani Jordan & Williams, 1897