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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Albert Jefferson Woolman (1861–1918) was a science teacher in Duluth, Minnesota. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Jordan & Williams.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

laut; payau dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman ? - 25 m (Ref. 55763). Tropical; 32°N -

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands.

Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 2272); common length : 50.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9330)

Adults are found in estuaries and up to 22 m depth (Ref. 9330), on sand or mud bottoms (Ref. 11482), common in some zones (Ref. 9330). They feed on fish (Ref. 28023). Marketed fresh or frozen (Ref. 9330).

Life cycle and mating behavior Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva

Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | mitra

Hensley, D.A., 1995. Paralichthyidae. Lenguados. p. 1349-1380. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9330)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

kekurangan data (DD) ; Date assessed: 25 May 2007

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

Harmless

penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: komersial; Budidaya air: percobaan

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

informasi lanjut

Trophic ecology
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ukuran frekuensi
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Life cycle
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 20.2 - 29.1, mean 24.3 °C (based on 232 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00289 - 0.01442), b=3.17 (2.99 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.

Daya lenting (Ref. 120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Fec=220,000).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).

kategori harga (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Paralichthys woolmani Jordan & Williams, 1897