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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Hippoglossinae
Etymology: Hippoglossus: Greek, ippos = horse + Greek, glossa = tongue (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien demersaal; oceanodroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 50 - 2000 m (Ref. 4705). Temperate; 79°N - 36°N, 77°W - 55°E

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Northwestern Atlantic: southwestern Greenland and Labrador in Canada to Virginia in USA (Ref. 7251); Northeastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to Spitsbergen, Barents Sea, Iceland and eastern Greenland.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: L_m 122.0, range 135 - ? cm
Max length : 470 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 7251); 300.0 cm TL (female); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 320.0 kg (Ref. 7251); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 50 Jaren (Ref. 173)

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Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 98 - 110; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 73 - 85. Uniformly dark brown or black; young marbled or spotted with paler marks (Ref. 4705).

Adults are benthic but occasionally pelagic (Ref. 4705). Feed mainly on other fishes (cod, haddock, pogge, sand-eels, herring, capelin), but also takes cephalopods, large crustaceans and other bottom-living animals. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Growth rate varies according to density, competition and availability of food. Slow growth rate and late onset of sexual maturity, halibut populations can be seriously affected by overfishing (Ref. 35388). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; can be steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Also Ref. 58426.

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Males reach sexual maturity at 7-8 years and females at 10-11 years. Spawning happens from December to April, near the bottom (300 to 700 m), at temperatures between 5 and 7°. Egg size 3.0-3.8, larval size at hatching 6.5 mm (Ref. 4705).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Medewerkers

Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Gevoelig (NT) ; Date assessed: 12 February 2021

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Harmless

Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: commercieel; Aquacultuur: experimenteel; sportvis: ja; Aquarium: Publieke aquaria

FAO - Aquaculture systems: productie; visserij: aanvoer; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 0.4 - 7.9, mean 3.4 °C (based on 1760 cells).

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00398 - 0.00759), b=3.17 (3.08 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.

Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): Zeer laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd meer dan 14 jaar (tmax=30; tm=10; K=0.02-0.2; Fec=1,300,000; also Musick et al. 2000 (Ref. 36717)).

Prior r = 0.27, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.40, Based on 1 full stock assessment.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).

Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 5.62 [1.90, 13.84] mg/100g; Iron = 0.178 [0.067, 0.495] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.0, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.35 [0.14, 0.90] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [19.5, 148.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.93 [1.78, 32.76] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.387 [0.168, 0.655] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus, 1758)