分類 / Names
共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
海; 汽水性の 底生の漂泳性; 海洋回遊性 (Ref. 35388); 深さの範囲 5 - 400 m (Ref. 9563), usually 50 - 150 m (Ref. 4968). Temperate; 75°N - 49°S, 17°W - 177°E (Ref. 54935)
Worldwide in distribution. Eastern Atlantic: Norway to South Africa, also the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Western Pacific: Japan, Korea, Australia and New Zealand. Also known from the Indian Ocean.
Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm 35.1, range 29 - 35 cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 6953); common length : 40.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 6953); 最大公表体重: 8.0 kg (Ref. 35388); 最大記録サイズ: 12 年 (Ref. 5377)
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 9 - 11; 背鰭 (合計) : 22 - 24; 肛門の骨: 4; 臀鰭: 20 - 23. Gill rakers rudimentary. Minute scales present. Highly compressed body (Ref. 4253). Large dark spot, surrounded by a light ring on each side of the body (Ref. 35388).
Found in areas close to the sea bed (Ref. 6390). Generally solitary. Feeds mainly on schooling bony fishes, occasionally on cephalopods and crustaceans (Ref. 27121). Reproduction takes place at the end of winter and at the start of spring in the northeastern Atlantic, earlier in the Mediterranean. Eggs are pelagic, maturity reached at 4 years (Ref. 36731). Sold fresh (Ref. 9563) and frozen (Ref. 9988). Can be steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). The flesh is excellent but is utilized little in West Africa (Ref. 5377).
No studies of their reproductive development or early life history have been undertaken in Australia (Ref. 6390). Pelagic eggs (Ref. 35388).
Karrer, C. and A. Post, 1990. Zeidae. p. 631-633. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6953)
Human uses
水産業: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい; 水族館・水槽: 公共の水族館
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.7 - 23.7, mean 13.6 °C (based on 1223 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7656 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.01364 - 0.02020), b=2.91 (2.85 - 2.97), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.8 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.15; tm=3-4; tmax=12).
Prior r = 0.74, 95% CL = 0.49 - 1.10, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.1 [8.1, 27.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.246 [0.139, 0.432] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [16.0, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.65 [0.34, 1.23] g/100g; Selenium = 21 [10, 42] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.8 [4.4, 66.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.368 [0.254, 0.546] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
