分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes)
鰈形目 (Flatfishes) >
Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
牙鮃科 (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Pseudorhombus: Greek, pseudes = false + Greek, rhombos = paralelogram (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 20 - 27 m (Ref. 11790). 熱帶
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to India; throughout the Malay Peninsula to the Philippines and Indonesia.
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣東至印度; 在馬來半島到菲律賓與印尼各處。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9774); common length : 20.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9774)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 72 - 74; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 58 - 59. Body brownish, a small dark blotch at junction of straight and curved parts of lateral line. Body deep ovoid, its depth 1.8 to 2 times in SL. Head length 3.1 to 3.3 times in SL. Upper-eye diameter 5.3 to 5.9 times in head length. Maxilla extending to below posterior margin of lower eye. Upper-jaw length 2.3 to 2.4 times in head length. Teeth in upper jaw small and close-set laterally, and enlarged anteriorly. Teeth in lower jaw stronger and more widely spaced than those of upper jaw. Pectoral fin on ocular side with 12-13 soft rays (Ref 9774).
身體褐色的, 一個小的黑色斑塊位於側線的直線與彎曲部份的會合處。 身體縱深的卵形體, 兩倍 SL 的它的深度 1.8。 頭長 3.1 到 3.3 標準體長比率。 眼睛上方直徑 5.3 到 5.9 倍頭長。 在眼睛下部的後緣之下顎骨延伸至。 上頜長度 2.3 到 2.4 倍頭長。 在上頜的齒小的而且側面地靠攏在一起, 而且前面地增大了。 上頜比較強壯與比那些更空隙大的在下頜中的齒。 在眼睛的側邊上的胸鰭有 12-13 根軟鰭條 (參考文獻 9774) 。
Found on the muddy and sandy trawling grounds of the continental shelf. Feeds on benthic organisms. Sold mostly fresh in markets.
棲息於大陸棚的泥濘多沙的拖網漁場了。 吃底棲的生物。 大部份生鮮地販賣在市場中。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣東至印度; 在馬來半島到菲律賓與印尼各處。
Nielsen, J.G., 1984. Bothidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3322)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 March 2021
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 98 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00338 - 0.01553), b=3.17 (3.00 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.42 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
