Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 20 - 27 m (Ref. 11790). Tropical
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to India; throughout the Malay Peninsula to the Philippines and Indonesia.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9774); common length : 20.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9774)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 72 - 74; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 58 - 59. Body brownish, a small dark blotch at junction of straight and curved parts of lateral line. Body deep ovoid, its depth 1.8 to 2 times in SL. Head length 3.1 to 3.3 times in SL. Upper-eye diameter 5.3 to 5.9 times in head length. Maxilla extending to below posterior margin of lower eye. Upper-jaw length 2.3 to 2.4 times in head length. Teeth in upper jaw small and close-set laterally, and enlarged anteriorly. Teeth in lower jaw stronger and more widely spaced than those of upper jaw. Pectoral fin on ocular side with 12-13 soft rays (Ref 9774).
Found on the muddy and sandy trawling grounds of the continental shelf. Feeds on benthic organisms. Sold mostly fresh in markets.
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Nielsen, J.G., 1984. Bothidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3322)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 98 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00338 - 0.01553), b=3.17 (3.00 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.42 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
