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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
More on author: Bloch.
環境: 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 60 m (Ref. 9772). 熱帶; 29°N - 10°S, 48°E - 125°E
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf to Taiwan and south through the Philippines and Borneo to about the southern tip of Java.
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣到台灣與南至菲律賓與婆羅洲到大約爪哇的最南端。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 16.6, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9772); common length : 20.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9772)
背棘 (總數) : 10 - 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 22 - 24; 臀棘: 2; 臀鰭軟條: 7. Mental pores in 2 pairs, both small, the first pair at front of chin, separated by symphysis. Gill rakers slender, as long as gill filaments at angle of arch, 9-12 on lower limb. Dorsal fin with 22-24 soft rays. Second anal spine short, slender, 22-36 % of head length. Caudal fin truncate. Scales cycloid (smooth) on head and flanks. Swim bladder carrot-shaped, with 17-22 pairs of fan-like appendages along its sides, the first not entering head. Sagitta (large earstone) with a tadpole-shaped impression, the tail of which is hockey-stick-shaped. Nape with a diffused dusky blotch.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
在 2 對中的神經孔, 兩者的小, 在下巴的前面的第一對,藉著瘉合處分開。 鰓耙細長的, 長達鰓絲在突出部位上弓, 在下肢上的 9-12。 背鰭有 22-24 軟鰭條。 第二臀鰭棘短的﹐細長的﹐和 22-36% 的頭長。 尾鰭截形。 鱗片圓形的 (平滑的) 在頭部與側面上。 泳鰾胡蘿蔔-形狀的, 與 17-22個對扇狀的附肢沿著它的側邊,第一個不進入頭部。 矢耳石 (大的 earstone) 具有一個蝌蚪-形狀的印象, 尾部是曲棍球桿-形狀的。 後頸有一個被擴散的暗色斑塊。
Occurs in inshore waters. Feeds on small crustaceans, benthic worms and small fishes. Marketed fresh and dried salted (Ref. 9772).
出現於近岸水域。 吃小型甲殼動物,底棲的蠕蟲與小魚。 在市場上銷售生鮮或乾漬了。 (參考文獻 9772)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣到台灣與南至菲律賓與婆羅洲到大約爪哇的最南端。
Sasaki, K., 2001. Sciaenidae. Croakers (drums). p.3117-3174. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO. pp. 2791-3380. (Ref. 9772)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 July 2016
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 24.7 - 29.2, mean 28.3 °C (based on 1510 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00721 - 0.01668), b=3.07 (2.95 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 4.0 ±0.69 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.6 (0.9 - 2.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 13
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.53-1.94).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
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氣候脆弱性 (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 175 [100, 347] mg/100g; Iron = 1.15 [0.59, 2.06] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.247 [0.129, 0.420] g/100g; Selenium = 50.2 [25.9, 99.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.8 [8.0, 77.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.1 [0.8, 1.6] mg/100g (wet weight);